Insulin - menene shi, kaddarorin, aikace-aikace a cikin wasanni

Insulin shine ɗayan mafi yawan nazarin hormones a cikin magani. An ƙirƙira shi a cikin ƙwayoyin beta na tsibirin Langerhans na pancreas, kuma yana shafar tasirin ƙwayar cikin cikin kusan dukkan ƙwayoyin halitta.

Babban dukiyar hormone peptide ita ce ikon sarrafa matakan glucose na jini ba tare da wuce ƙimar iyakancewa ba. Insulin yana da hannu dumu dumu wajen hada sunadarai da mai, yana kunna enzymes glycolysis, sannan yana inganta farfado da glycogen a cikin hanta da tsokoki.

Ofimar insulin ga jiki

Babban aikin insulin a jikin mutum shine kara karfin membranes na myocytes da adipocytes na glucose, wanda ke inganta safarar sa zuwa sel. Godiya ga wannan, ana amfani da amfani da glucose daga jiki, tsarin fara glycogen da tarawa cikin tsokoki an fara. Hakanan, insulin yana da ikon zuga samar da furotin a cikin cikin, yana kara yaduwar ganuwar tantanin halitta don amino acid (tushe - Wikipedia).

Ana iya bayyana rubutun aikin insulin a cikin jiki kamar haka:

1. Godiya ga aikin hormone, sukarin da aka samo daga abinci yana shiga cikin kwayar halitta saboda gaskiyar cewa membrane ɗin yana inganta.
2. A karkashin aikinta, aiwatarwar canzawar glycogen daga glucose yana faruwa a cikin kwayoyin hanta, da kuma cikin ƙwayoyin tsoka.
3. Insulin yana tasiri ga tarawa, kira da kuma kiyaye amincin sunadaran da suka shiga jiki.
4. Hormone yana haɓaka ajiyar mai ta hanyar taimakon ƙwayoyin mai mai ɗaukar glucose da haɗa shi cikin jikin adipose. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa, lokacin cin abinci mai wadataccen abinci mai ƙwanƙwasa, ya kamata ku lura da haɗarin kitsen jiki wanda ba dole ba.
5. Yana kunna aikin enzymes wanda ke hanzarta lalacewar glucose (kayan anabolic).
6. Ya danne aikin enzymes wadanda ke narkarda kitse da glycogen (tasirin anti-catabolic).

Insulin wani hormone ne na musamman wanda yake shiga cikin duk tsarin tafiyar da rayuwa na gabobin ciki da tsarin. Yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ƙwayar metabolism.

Bayan abinci ya shiga ciki, matakin carbohydrates ya tashi. Wannan yana faruwa koda da ƙarancin abinci ko abinci mai gina jiki.

A sakamakon haka, pancreas yana karɓar siginar da ta dace daga kwakwalwa kuma yana fara samar da insulin ƙwarai da gaske, wanda, bi da bi, ya fara lalata carbohydrates. Saboda haka dogaro da matakan insulin akan cin abinci. Idan mutum ya zauna a kan abinci mai gajiya kuma yana fama da yunwa koyaushe, to maƙasudin wannan hormone a cikin jini shima zai zama kaɗan (tushe a Turanci - littafin "Insulin da Sunadaran Suna da Alaƙa - Tsarin, Ayyuka, Magungunan Magunguna").

Shi ne kawai hormone da ke aiki don rage matakan sukarin jini, ba kamar sauran sauran ba wanda ke ƙara wannan alamar kawai, kamar adrenaline, hormone mai girma ko glucagon.

Tare da babban abun ciki na alli, potassium a cikin jini, da kuma tare da ƙarar yawan ƙwayoyin mai, aikin insulin yana haɓaka. Kuma haɓakar haɓakar girma da somatostatin suna da akasin hakan, rage haɓakar insulin da rage aikinsa.

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Dalilin yawan insulin

1. Insulinomas ƙananan ƙwayoyi ne. Sun haɗu ne da ƙwayoyin beta na tsibirin Langerhans. Kadan akasari, sukan tashi ne daga ƙwayoyin enterochromaffin na hanji. Insulinomas suna aiki a matsayin masu samar da insulin a adadi mai yawa. Don ganewar asali game da ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyi, ana amfani da rabo daga hormone da glucose, kuma duk karatun ana yin su tsaurara akan komai a ciki.
2. Ciwon sukari irin na 2. Ana nuna shi da raguwar ƙarancin matakan insulin kuma, daidai da haka, haɓaka haɓakar sukari. Daga baya, yayin da cutar ta ci gaba, kayan kyallen takarda za su ƙara rasa tasirin insulin, wanda ke haifar da ci gaban cutar.
3. Nauyin kiba Idan matsalar tana da alaƙa da yawan cin abinci mai ƙunshe da carbohydrate, adadin insulin a cikin jini yana ƙaruwa sosai. Shi ne wanda ke hada sukari cikin mai. Saboda haka, wata muguwar da'ira ta taso, wanda ba shi da sauƙi a buɗe - ƙarin hormone, da ƙarin mai, da kuma akasin hakan.
4. Acromegaly wani ƙari ne a cikin gland na pituitary wanda ke haifar da raguwar adadin haɓakar haɓakar da aka samar. Haɗuwarsa ita ce mafi mahimmin kayan aiki don bincikar kasancewar ciwace ciwace, idan aka ba insulin ga mutum, ƙarancin glucose ya sauka, wanda ya kamata ya haifar da ƙaruwar abun cikin somatotropin a cikin jini, idan wannan bai faru ba, yiwuwar irin wannan ciwon yana da yawa.
5. Hypercortisolism cuta ce da ke faruwa yayin da guntun adrenal ya samar da homon da ya wuce kima. Suna hana raunin glucose, matakinsa ya kasance babba, yana kaiwa matakan mawuyacin hali.
6. Maganin dystrophy na muscular - yana faruwa ne saboda gaskiyar cewa akwai cin zarafin hanyoyin tafiyar da rayuwa a cikin jiki, wanda ya sabawa asalin abinda insulin a cikin jini yake tashi.
7. Tare da cin abinci mara daidaituwa yayin daukar ciki, mace tana fuskantar barazanar ƙaruwa sosai cikin matakan hormone.
8. Abubuwan gado waɗanda ke hana shayar galactose da fructose.

Tare da mahimmancin ƙaruwa cikin matakan glucose, mutum na iya faɗawa cikin hauka mai hauhawar jini. Allurar insulin tana taimakawa fita daga wannan yanayin.

Ciwon sukari na musamman nau'in 1 da 2 suma suna da halin canzawa cikin ƙimar insulin. Yana da nau'i biyu:

• wanda ba shi da insulin (rubuta ciwon sukari na 2) - wanda ke dauke da rigakafin nama zuwa insulin, yayin da matakin hormone na iya zama na al'ada ko kuma ya daukaka;
• insulin-dependent (rubuta ciwon sukari na 1) - yana haifar da raguwar mahimmancin matakan insulin.

Rage abin da ke cikin wannan abu da tsananin motsa jiki, motsa jiki na yau da kullun da yanayin damuwa.

Sigogin bada gudummawar jini don sanin matakin insulin a cikin jini

Domin tantance abinda ke cikin insulin a cikin jini, ya kamata ka wuce gwajin awon. Don wannan, ana ɗauke jini daga jijiya kuma a sanya shi a cikin bututu na musamman.

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Domin sakamakon binciken ya zama daidai gwargwado, an hana mutane cin abinci, magunguna, giya sa'o'i 12 kafin ɗaukar jini. Hakanan an bada shawarar barin duk nau'ikan motsa jiki. Idan mutum ya ɗauki ƙwayoyi masu mahimmanci kuma ba za a iya soke shi ta kowace hanya ba, ana nuna wannan gaskiyar lokacin ɗaukar bincike a cikin wani nau'i na musamman.

Rabin sa'a kafin a kawo kayan insulin, mai haƙuri yana bukatar cikakken kwanciyar hankali!

Isolatedididdigar keɓaɓɓen matakan insulin na jini bashi da dacewa da lafiya. Don ƙayyade nau'in cuta a cikin jiki, ana bada shawara don ƙayyade yanayin insulin da glucose. Zaɓin bincike mafi kyau shine gwajin damuwa, wanda zai baka damar ƙayyade matakin haɗin insulin bayan sanya glucose.

Godiya ga jarabawar danniya, ana iya sanin hanyar latsewar ciwon sukari.

Tare da ci gaba da ilimin cututtuka, amsawa ga sakin insulin zai kasance daga baya fiye da yanayin al'adar. Matakan hormone a cikin jini suna ginawa sannu a hankali, kuma daga baya su tashi zuwa manyan ƙimomi. A cikin lafiyayyun mutane, insulin a cikin jini zai tashi lafiya kuma zai sauka zuwa dabi'un yau da kullun ba tare da tsalle-tsalle ba.

Kulawa da sakamakon gwaji

Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don saka idanu da adana bayanan bincike don bin diddigin tasirin canje-canje a sakamakon. Muna ba da shawarar duba kayan ado na kyauta.

Zai taimaka a adana da tsara sakamakon gwajin likita. Kayan ado yana ba ka damar waƙa da canje-canje a matakan insulin da sauran alamun kiwon lafiya. Adon yana nuna tasirin sakamakon bincike akan zane-zane. Shafukan suna nunawa kai tsaye lokacin da mai nuna alama ya wuce abin da aka saba - a wannan yanayin, Abun ado zai sanya ɓangaren da ya dace na jadawalin a cikin rawaya mai haske. Wannan zai zama alama ce cewa, mai yiwuwa, akwai matsaloli a cikin jiki kuma kuna buƙatar ziyarci likita. Ana amfani da alamar kore a cikin aikace-aikacen don nuna ƙimar ƙa'idodin alamomi na yau da kullun - komai yana da kyau, ba lallai ku damu ba.

Don canja sakamakon gwajin daga fom ɗin takarda zuwa aikace-aikacen kayan ado, ya isa ɗaukar hoto (ma'ana, fom ɗin tare da sakamako). Abun ado zai "bincika" duk bayanan ta atomatik. Kuma don shigar da sakamakon bincike cikin aikace-aikacen daga fayil ɗin pdf da aka aiko daga dakin gwaje-gwaje, kawai kuna buƙatar loda wannan fayil ɗin a cikin Kayan ado.

Dangane da bayanan da aka samo, Kayan ado yana tantance manyan gabobi da tsarin jiki akan ma'auni mai maki biyar. Karancin ƙasa da 4 na iya nuna matsalar lafiyar da ke iya buƙatar shawarar likita. A hanyar, zaku iya neman shawara kai tsaye a cikin aikace-aikacen - akwai likitoci a cikin masu amfani da kayan kwalliyar waɗanda zasu ba ku ƙwararrun shawarwari.

Kuna iya zazzage kayan kwalliyar kyauta daga Google Play Market da App Store.

Yin allurar insulin

Mafi yawanci, ana yin allurar insulin ga mutanen da ke da ciwon sukari. Likitan yayi bayani dalla-dalla game da dokoki don amfani da sirinji, fasali na maganin antibacterial, sashi.

1. A cikin ciwon sukari na 1, mutane a kai a kai suna yin allurar kansu don kiyaye ikonsu na rayuwa da kyau. A cikin irin waɗannan mutane, baƙon abu ba ne don gudanar da aikin gaggawa na insulin idan akwai hawan jini mai yawa.
2. Ciwon sukari irin na 2 yana ba da damar maye gurbin allura da kwayoyi. Ciwon kanjamau wanda aka bincikar lafiya lokaci-lokaci, an ba shi magani yadda yakamata a cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan tabarau a hade tare da abinci mai gina jiki zai iya samun nasarar nasarar yanayin.

Magungunan da ake amfani da shi don allura shine insulin, wanda aka samo daga pancreas na alade. Yana da kwayar halitta mai kama da na hormone mutum kuma yana haifar da ƙananan sakamako masu illa. Magunguna suna ci gaba koyaushe kuma a yau suna ba marasa lafiya insulin ƙirar injiniya - haɓakar ɗan adam. Don maganin insulin lokacin ƙuruciya, ana amfani da insulin ɗin ɗan adam kawai.

Likitan da ake buƙata ya zaɓa daban-daban, ya dogara da yanayin haƙuri. Kwararren ya gudanar da cikakken umarni, yana koya masa yadda ake yin allurar daidai.

Ga cututtukan da ke tattare da digon insulin, ya zama dole a kiyaye daidaitaccen abinci, kiyaye lamuran yau da kullun, tsara matakin motsa jiki, da rage faruwar al'amuran damuwa.

Nau'in insulin

Dangane da nau'in, ana ɗaukar insulin a lokuta daban-daban na rana kuma a cikin allurai daban-daban:

• Humalog da Novorapid suna aiki cikin sauri, bayan awa ɗaya matakin insulin ya tashi kuma ya kai matakin da jiki ke buƙata. Amma bayan awanni 4, tasirinsa ya ƙare, kuma matakin insulin ya sake raguwa.

• Humulin Regulator, Insuman Rapid, Actrapid ana nuna shi da saurin karuwa a matakin insulin a cikin jini bayan rabin sa'a, bayan matsakaicin awanni 4 mafi girman karfinsa ya kai, wanda daga nan zai fara raguwa sannu a hankali. Maganin yana aiki na tsawon awanni 8.

• Insuman Bazal, Humulin NPH, Protafan NM suna da matsakaiciyar tsawon lokacin ɗaukar hotuna daga 10 zuwa 20 hours. Bayan matsakaicin awanni uku, zasu fara nuna aiki, kuma bayan awanni 6-8 matakin insulin a cikin jini ya kai girman ƙimominsa.

• Glargin yana da tasiri na dogon lokaci daga awanni 20 zuwa 30, yayin wannan har ila yau ana kiyaye asalin insulin ba tare da kololuwa ba.

• Degludek Tresiba ana samar dashi a cikin Denmark kuma yana da matsakaicin tsawon lokacin aiki, wanda zai iya tsayawa tsawon awanni 42.

Mai haƙuri yakamata ya karɓi dukkan umarni kan ka'idoji don gudanar da insulin ƙwarai daga likitan da ke halarta, har ma da hanyoyin gudanarwa (subcutaneous ko intramuscular). Babu tsayayyen kashi ko yawan lokaci na gudanarwa don kowane magani mai insulin! Zaɓuɓɓuka da daidaitawa na allurai ana aiwatar da su ɗaiɗaiku a cikin kowane sharia!

Aikace-aikacen insulin don Wasanni da Ginin Muscle

'Yan wasan da ke yin atisaye sosai kuma suke ƙoƙarin gina ƙwayar tsoka suna amfani da furotin a cikin abincin su. Insulin, bi da bi, yana daidaita haɓakar furotin, wanda ke haifar da haɓaka ƙwayoyin tsoka. Wannan hormone yana shafar ba kawai metabolism na sunadarai ba, har ma da carbohydrates da mai, ƙirƙirar ƙaddara don ƙirƙirar ƙarfin tsoka.

Duk da cewa insulin magani ne na shan kwayoyi masu amfani da kwayoyin kara kuzari da aka hana amfani da su, amma ba zai yuwu a gano karin amfani da shi ba, ba kuma samar da halitta ba. Ana amfani da wannan ta yawancin 'yan wasa waɗanda sakamakon su ya dogara da ƙwayar tsoka.

Da kanta, hormone ba ya ƙaruwa da ƙarfin tsoka, amma yana shafar ayyukan da ke haifar da sakamakon da ake buƙata - yana sarrafa tasirin carbohydrates, sunadarai da lipids, saboda hakan:

1. Hada haɗin furotin na tsoka. Sunadaran shine ainihin abubuwan da ke tattare da ƙwayoyin tsoka, waɗanda ribosomes ke haɗawa. Insulin ne ke kunna samar da ribosomes, wanda ke haifar da karuwar adadin furotin kuma, daidai da haka, don gina ƙwayar tsoka.
2. Rage ƙarfin catabolism. Catabolism tsari ne da duk ƙwararrun athletesan wasa ke gwagwarmaya dashi ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Ta hanyar kara sinadarin insulin, tsarin bazuwar abubuwa masu rikitarwa yana tafiyar hawainiya, ana samar da furotin sau da yawa fiye da wanda aka lalata.
3. Ara tasirin amino acid a cikin sararin cikin intracellular. Hormone yana kara yawan tasirin kwayar halitta, godiya ga wannan muhimmiyar kadara, amino acid wanda ya zama dole domin kara karfin tsoka ya shiga cikin zaruruwa na tsoka ba tare da matsala ba kuma ana samun saukin fahimta
4. Yana shafar ƙarfin haɗin glycogen, wanda ya zama dole don ƙara ƙarfin tsoka da girma saboda ikonsa na riƙe danshi, kamar soso. Arƙashin tasirin insulin, haɗuwa mai ƙarfi na glycogen na faruwa, wanda ke ba da damar adana glucose cikin ƙwayoyin tsoka na dogon lokaci, yana ƙaruwa da kwanciyar hankali, yana hanzarta saurin dawowa da inganta abinci mai gina jiki.

Sakamakon insulin

A cikin adadi mai yawa, ɗayan farkon sakamakon tasirin insulin shine tarin mai mai yawa - kuma wannan gaskiyane. Amma ya yi nesa da wannan abin da ke haifar da rashin amfani da insulin cikin haɗari. Na farko kuma mafi munin tasirin insulin shine hypoglycemia, yanayin gaggawa wanda ke buƙatar maganin gaggawa. Alamomin digo cikin sikari cikin jini sun hada da:

• tsananin rauni, jiri da ciwon kai, raunin gani na wucin gadi, kasala, tashin zuciya / amai, tashin hankali na yiwuwa;
• tachycardia, rawar jiki, rashin daidaita daidaiton motsi, rashin laushin hankali, rashin nutsuwa tare da yawan rashin hankali.

Idan glycemia a cikin jini ya sauka zuwa 2.5 mmol / L da ƙasa, waɗannan alamun alamun hypoglycemic coma ne, wanda zai iya mutuwa ba tare da kulawa ta musamman ta gaggawa ba. Mutuwa sakamakon wannan yanayin ya faru ne saboda tsananin keta ayyukan jini da numfashi, wanda ke tare da tsananin baƙin ciki na aikin tsarin juyayi na tsakiya. Akwai cikakken rashi na glucose don tabbatar da aikin enzymes wanda ke sarrafa amfanin homeostasis.

Hakanan, lokacin amfani da insulin, zaku iya:

• damuwa, ƙaiƙayi a wuraren allura;
• rashin haƙuri na mutum;
• rage yawan haɓakar hormone mai ƙarewa tare da amfani da tsawan lokaci ko kuma idan an sha ƙari.

Amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi na dogon lokaci da rashin sarrafawa yana haifar da ci gaba da ciwon sukari mellitus (asalin - Clinical Pharmacology a cewar Goodman da Gilman - G. Gilman - Jagora Mai Amfani).

Dokokin insulin

'Yan wasa sun san cewa tsarin gina tsoka ba zai yiwu ba tare da karuwar kitse. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa masu sana'a ke canza matakan saukar da bushewar jiki da haɓaka nauyi.

Ya kamata a dauki homonin a lokacin ko nan da nan kafin / bayan motsa jiki don canza shi cikin ƙarfin da ake buƙata, kuma ba mai mai ba.

Hakanan yana kara kuzarin jiki kuma yana taimaka muku kara yawan motsa jikin ku. Ya kamata a bi abincin da ba shi da carbohydrate yayin bushewa.

Sabili da haka, insulin yana aiki ne a matsayin nau'in canzawar ilimin lissafin jiki wanda ke jagorantar albarkatun halitta ko dai don samun ƙarfi ko ƙona kitse.

Kalli bidiyon: Labarun Wasanni 14th November, 2018 (Fabrairu 2025).