Matsayi a cikin wasannin motsa jiki ya kasu kashi na tsere, tafiya, tsalle, jifa da duka-duka. Hakanan, an ƙaddamar da ƙa'idodin gudana zuwa abubuwa da yawa: santsi gudu a kusa da filin wasa da kuma cikin gida, tseren gudu, jifa, tsayayyen tsafe da gudu da gudu.
Don inganta sakamakon ku a tsere a matsakaici da kuma nesa, kuna buƙatar sanin abubuwan da ke gudana na gudu, kamar su numfashi daidai, fasaha, ɗumi-ɗumi, ikon yin kwalliyar ido daidai don ranar gasar, yi aikin ƙarfin daidai don gudu da sauransu. Sabili da haka, Ina ba ku shawara da ku san irin koyarwar bidiyo na musamman kan waɗannan da sauran batutuwa daga marubucin shafin scfoton.ru, inda kuke yanzu. Ga masu karanta shafin, koyarwar bidiyo kyauta ne. Don samin su, kawai kuyi rijista da wasiƙar, kuma a cikin aan daƙiƙoƙi zaku karɓi darasi na farko a cikin jigo akan asalin numfashi mai dacewa yayin gudu. Biya a nan: Gudanar da darussan bidiyo ... Wadannan darussan sun riga sun taimaki dubunnan mutane kuma zasu taimake ku ma.
| Matsayin gudu - makaranta, ɗalibi, gudu, cikin gida | |||||||
| Gajerun hanyoyi (Gudu) | |||||||
| 30 m | 60 m | 100 m | 200 m | 300 m | 400 m | 500 m | |
| Matsakaici mai nisa da matsaloli | |||||||
| 600 m | 800 m | 1000 m | 1500 m | 1500 m sp | Mil 1 | 2 km | 2000 m jn |
| 3000 m jn | 3000 m | ||||||
| Dogon nesa da babbar hanya da ke gudana | |||||||
| Mil mil 2 | 5 km | 8 kilomita | 10 km | 12 kilomita | 15 kilomita | 20 kilomita | 21,097 m |
| 25 km | 30 km | ||||||
| 42 195 m (marathon) | Kilomita 100 | Sa'a gudu | kullun gudu | Ekiden | |||
| Saurin gudu | |||||||
| 50 m | 55 m | 60 m | 80 m | 100 m | 110 m | 400 m | |
Matsayin makaranta da ɗaliban nisan tafiyar ya banbanta da mizanin fitarwa. Don haka, don samun kyakkyawar alama a kowane matsakaicin nesa, misali 1000 mita, Ya isa dalibi ya gudu matashi 3 kacal. A lokaci guda, don samun "biyar" iri ɗaya a nesa na mita 100, ɗalibai za su kammala 2 har ma da rukunin farko na samari.
Mai santsi da ke gudana a kusa da filin wasan
Gudu
Tebur na hukuma na mizanin bit don gudu ya haɗa da tazara daga mita 30 zuwa 400.
Matsayin nesa kamar gudu 60, 100, Mita 200, 300 da 400 sun kasu kashi-kashi a cikin mizanin ma'aunin hannu da na atomatik. Lokaci na hannu yana nufin cewa alƙalai sun sanya sakamakon letean wasa da hannu tare da agogon awon gudu. Dangane da lokacin sarrafa kansa, ana yin rikodin sakamakon ta hanyar kwamfuta.
Lokaci da lokacin sarrafa kansa. Me yasa akwai bambanci na biyu na 0.24.
Kamar yadda kake gani daga teburin kimantawa, a cikin fannonin gudu, kowane nesa yana da ƙimomi 2 don jinsi ɗaya: don tsarin auna hannu da na atomatik, tare da kari na farko "auto". Valuesimar ta bambanta daidai da sakan 0.24. Wannan yana faruwa ne saboda masana kimiyya sun kirga cewa farkon abin da mutum zai fara ba zai iya wuce wadannan sakan 0.24 ba. Wato, kawai bayan wannan lokacin ko ya fi tsayi, dan wasan zai iya jin harbi na bindiga fara kuma fara motsi. A wannan yanayin, kwamfutar zata fara kirga sakan ba tare da wannan jinkiri ba, kai tsaye bayan harbin.
Karya fara
An yi rijistar farawa ta ƙarya bisa ƙa'ida ɗaya. Idan kwamfutar ta gano cewa matakin fara wasan ya fi sakan 0.24, hakan yana nufin cewa dan wasan bai jira harbin ba, kuma ya fara motsawa gaba, saboda jijiyoyi, ko, kokarin yin hasashen lokacin harbi, don kada ya zauna a ƙarshen farawa.
Game da yin amfani da lokacin aiki, alƙali - mai kula da lokaci yana da martanin farawa kamar na ɗan wasa kuma yana fara kirga lokacin daidai yadda mai gudu ya fara farawa.
Matsakaicin matsakaita da tsayayye
A matsakaiciyar tazara kuma akwai rabo zuwa atomatik da lokacin aiki. Amma farawa daga mita 1000, ƙimar sakan 0.24 ya zama ba shi da mahimmanci. Kuma ba a la'akari da shi.
A CIKIN ƙananan kuɗi sun shigar da bayanai don nisa har zuwa 10,000 mduk da haka, filayen wasanni ma suna karbar bakuncin awanni har ma da gasar yau da kullun.
Gudun cikin gida mara kyau
A lokacin hunturu, galibi 'yan wasa masu tsere da tsalle-tsalle ba sa iya fafatawa a filin buɗe ido. Sabili da haka, ana gudanar da dukkan wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle a cikin gida - fagen fama. Ba kamar filin wasan "bazara" da aka saba ba, inda tsawon da'ira tare da hanyar farko yakai mita 400, a cikin filin kuma tsayin hanyar ciki shima ya ninka sau biyu - mita 200. Wannan yana ba da ƙarin matsaloli wajen shawo kan nesa.
Gudu na cikin gida
Ba a gudanar da wasannin cikin gida a cikin mita 100 da 200 a manyan gasa.
Ga mita 100, komai a bayyane yake. Tsawon layin mikakke akan da'irar mita 200 bai wuce mita 60 ba. Saboda haka, duk gajeren gudu yana tafiya daidai a wannan nisan. Game da mitoci 200, saboda hawa da juyawa, 'yan wasa, suna da saurin kusa da 40 km / h, ba za su iya tsayawa kan waƙar ba kuma za su tashi daga filin wasan. Sabili da haka, ana gudanar da santsin gudu a lokacin hunturu kawai a nisan mita 60 da 400.
Kari akan haka, ka'idojin wadannan nisan an kuma kasu kashi zuwa ma'aunin atom da lokacin sarrafawa. Koyaya, sun bambanta da na rani. Don haka, alal misali, don yin rukuni na 1 a tazarar mita 400 a cikin filin buɗe ido, maza suna buƙatar gudu a kan lokaci na atomatik 51.74 seconds, yayin da a cikin fage ya isa ya gudu don na biyu mafi muni - 52.74. Wannan saboda yanayin juyawa mai tsayi, wanda ke buƙatar ƙarin ƙoƙari yayin gudu. Theunƙwasawa a filin wasa a filin wasa suna da mahimmin kusurwa, wanda zai bawa athletesan wasa damar ci gaba da sauƙaƙe akan hanyarsu kuma kada su tashi saboda ƙarfi.
Matsakaicin nisan cikin gida
Hakanan ƙa'idodin tsere, ƙa'idodin matsakaita ta nesa don cikin gida sun bambanta da ƙa'idodi don nisan iri ɗaya don buɗe filin wasa. A tazara daga mil 800 zuwa 1 wannan banbancin dakika 2 ne, kuma nisan kilomita 3 - sakan 3. Misali, don cika matsayin mafi girman rukuni a cikin wasanni na mashahurin masanin wasanni na duniya a nisan kilomita 3 a cikin fage, maza suna buƙatar shawo kansa a cikin mintuna 7 da minti 55, yayin da a cikin filin buɗe ido za su gudu don kammala MSMK a cikin minti 7 da dakika 52.
Gudun gudu
Gudun gudu yana kuma da nasa matsayin. Bugu da ƙari, yawancin 'yan wasa suna amfani da wannan damar, kuma koda ba za su iya yin wani rukuni a cikin tsere ɗaya ba, a cikin rukuni tare da sauran' yan wasa sun cika wannan ƙa'idar a cikin wasan ba da gudummawa.
Ana gudanar da manyan nau'ikan wasannin tsere guda biyu a bude filin wasa - mita 4 x 100 da mita 4 x 400. Maimakon mita 100, akwai masu gudu 200 a cikin fage. Bugu da ƙari, akwai wasu tsere na tsere mai tsayi. Amma babu wasu ƙa'idodi don shawo kansu, kuma babu rukunin da aka sanya.
Saurin gudu
Ana yin shingen gudu a nisan mita 60 (a cikin gida), mita 100 (na mata), 110 na maza da mita 400.
Hakanan a cikin gudana mai sauƙi, a cikin matsaloli akwai tsarin auna don aikin hannu da lokacin atomatik. Ka'idar ɗaya ce - bambanci tsakanin su shine sakan 0.24.
Baya ga manyan nisan a gasa tsakanin kungiyoyin matasa, ana gudanar da matsaloli a nisan mita 50 da mita 300. Hakanan ana ba da maki a gare su, amma ba su fi girma ba.
Gudun tare da matsaloli
Ba za a rude shi da matsaloli ba. Gasar matsalar, ko kuma kamar yadda kwararru ke kira Steeple Chase, ana yin ta ne a tazarar mita 1500, 2000 da 3000. Maimakon shinge na bakin ciki, kamar yadda ake cikin jifa, ana sanya cikas a kan waƙar, waɗanda sanduna ne masu kauri wanda yake a tsayin 914 mm ga maza kuma 762 mm na mata. A cikin fage, ana gudanar da gasar tsere a nesa da 1500 (don ƙaramin rukunin shekaru) mita 2000. 
A lokacin rani, mita 3000 kawai. Bugu da ƙari, a lokacin rani mai nisa a nesa, 'yan wasa dole ne su shawo kan rami da ruwa, wanda a gabansa akwai ɗayan cikas ɗin. Wannan yana ƙara wahalhalu matuka ga hanyar, saboda haka ƙa'idodin cikin tsaunuka masu laushi sun fi taushi kyau a cikin gudana, alhali ba su da sauƙin cikawa kwata-kwata.
-Asashen ketare
Baya ga gudana a filin wasa, ana gudanar da gasa da yawa a kan titunan kwalta, datti har ma da yashi. Wannan nau'in gudu ana kiran sa guduwa-da-gudu. Kamar dai a filin wasa, crosses suna da mizani.
Babban bambanci tsakanin tsere tsakanin ƙasa da gudu a cikin filin wasa shine rashin rikodin duniya a cikin tseren ƙetare. Akwai irin wannan ra'ayi. A matsayin nasarar duniya - kyakkyawan sakamako wanda aka nuna a wannan nesa a cikin ƙetara ƙasa. Amma babu wani rikodin duniya. Wannan ya faru ne saboda kasancewar hanyar filin wasa a koyaushe tayi daidai kuma iri daya ce, ba tare da la’akari da wurin da ake gudanar da gasar ba. Akwai buƙatu na musamman don filayen wasanni waɗanda aka haɗu ko'ina. Babu wasu buƙatu don gicciye. Sabili da haka, ana iya samun waƙa ɗaya a cikin tsaunuka, kuma zai zama da wahalar shawo kanta, alal misali, kilomita 10 akan irin wannan hanyar fiye da idan hanyar ta wuce tare da filin. Abin da ya sa ba a amfani da ma'anar rikodin duniya.
