Sarauniyar wasannin motsa jiki ce, wacce fannoni daban-daban ke wakilta, ɗayan ta sami sunan Ingilishi zalla "steeple-chaz". Mutum zai iya yin tunanin cewa Ingila ta zama wurin haihuwa.
Mene ne tsawa tsaka
Tarihi
A cikin 1850, wani dalibi daga Oxford, wanda ya halarci tseren dawakai masu tsayi, ya ba da shawarar a rabe (daga mil 4 zuwa 2) kuma a gudu da ƙafa. Tunanin ya samo asali kuma daga 1879 a Burtaniya suka fara gudanar da gasar kasa (daga 1936 a Rasha).
Yau
Starshen tsafin tsauni na zamani tsere ne na tseren 3000m (an ba da "taƙaitaccen sigar" - 2000m don matakin matasa da na gida). Dangane da rarrabuwa, yana da matsakaicin nisa. Saboda keɓancewarsa, ana gudanar dashi ne kawai a lokacin bazara a buɗe filin wasa. Tun daga 1920 ya kasance memba na shirin Olympics (mata tun 2008). Ana la'akari da shi, tare da tsere na 800 m da 1500 m, mafi kyawun gani.
Fasali na dokokin
Bukatar shawo kan takamaiman matsaloli na wucin gadi yayin tseren ya sanya gyare-gyare ga dokokin shirya gasar. Gwajin da ba shi da kyau - tsallake kan rami da ruwa (366x366 cm, zurfin daga 76 cm ya sauka zuwa 0 a ƙarshen ramin) an ɗauke shi zuwa wani sashe na daban akan lanƙwasa. Katanga (tsayin 0.914 m ga maza da m 0.762 m ga mata) masu nauyin daga 80 zuwa 100 kg an tsayar da tsayayyensu (sabanin gudu), wanda ya ba da damar afka musu da hanyar tallafi (hanyar "tsalle").
Widthananan nisa na mita 3.96 “yana rufe” waƙoƙin radius na 3 don rage haɗarin haɗuwa, kodayake an yarda da ƙaramar lamba. Gabaɗaya, an saita cikas guda biyar daidai a cikin da'irar, kuma na huɗu yana gaban ramin ruwa.
An ba shi izinin shiga cikin ruwan, amma koyaushe a kan tsinkaye a kwance na ƙayyadadden saman shingen, in ba haka ba za a soke mahalarta. Adadin yawan matsalolin shingen shine 28, ramuka tare da ruwa -7 (a 3000 m, a 2000 m - bi da bi 18 da 5).
Matsayin farawa a cikin steeplechase ya bambanta da farawa cikin santsi 3000m gudu, saboda la'akari da yin amfani da hanyar waƙa, inda aka shirya rami mai ruwa (farawa ana farawa ta gefen ƙarewar ƙarewa). Matsayi farawa yana ƙayyadewa ta hanyar kuri'a ko la'akari da matsayin da ɗan wasa ya ɗauka a matakan baya na gasar.
Ba kamar gudu ba yana farawa daga ƙaramin matsayi, farauta mai tsayi tana farawa daga tsayi mai tsayi, tare da saurin ɗaukar matsayi a radius na ciki. Fixedarshen ƙayyadaddun tsari ne, gwargwadon yanayin jiki. Startsarfafa karya ba safai ba ne, musamman bayan tsaurara sabbin abubuwa na IAAF (Athungiyar Wasannin Wasannin Tsalle ta Duniya).
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Ba kamar gudu ba yana farawa daga ƙaramin matsayi, farauta mai tsayi tana farawa daga tsayi mai tsayi, tare da saurin ɗaukar matsayi a radius na ciki. Startsarfafa karya ba safai ba ne, musamman bayan tsaurara sabbin abubuwa na IAAF (Athungiyar Wasannin Wasannin Tsalle ta Duniya).
Fasali na fasaha
Theayyadaddun wannan nau'in gudu yana gabatar da ƙarin buƙatu a cikin aiwatar da ƙwarewar ƙwarewar fasaha. Ga tsarin da aka yarda da shi na horar da masu tsere na nesa, an kara aiki a kan dabarar "mai jifa", wanda kuma ya sha bamban da gudun tseren.
Lokacin zabar hanyar "kai hari daga shingen" (taka tare da gogewa ko matakala a kan shingen), ana yin la'akari da bayanan anthropometric da damar haɗin kai na 'yan wasa, wanda ke ba da damar ƙaddamar da ƙimar tsarin motsi kuma, ta haka, adana asara a kan matsaloli. Ingantaccen fasaha na iya "cire" fiye da 10 sec.
Hakanan akwai nuances a cikin hanyoyin "ma'amala da shingen ruwa". A nan ya zama dole a yi ƙoƙari na musamman don kawar da mashaya, ƙasa har zuwa yiwu kuma kada ku faɗa cikin zurfinsashi. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine ƙara saurin 10-15m kafin cikas.
Tushen tsere na tsawan tsawan tsaunuka an shimfida shi ta hanyar dabaru masu saurin nesa na al'ada. Wani fasali mai rarrabe shine ƙarin aiki akan abubuwan da suka danganci "ragged" da ke gudana yanayin yanayin yanayin rashin dabara - zaɓin ƙafafun jerk, tashin-tashin, lokacin tashin.
Kwarewa da horo na motsa jiki kusan ba ya bambanta da ayyukan da ke fuskantar masu tsere na nesa.
Saurin jimrewa yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin lafiyar jiki. A cikin tsarin horo a matakin shirye-shiryen, ana haɓaka wannan ƙirar ta hanyar ɗorawa a cikin yanayin aerobic (kusan 80% na lokaci).
Zabi da aiwatar da tsare-tsaren dabaru ya dogara da wasu yanayi, misali:
- matakin gwaninta na 'yan wasa da masu fafatawa;
- sikelin gasar;
- aikin da aka saita (cimma matsakaicin sakamako a cikin lokaci, cin tseren, isa mataki na gaba, duba shirye-shiryen aiki, tsara sabbin dabaru);
- nau'in ɗaukar hoto;
- yanayin yanki (tsayi sama da matakin teku).
Rikodi da masu rikodin
Tarihin duniya ga maza yana cikin Saif Said Shahin (Qatar) - 7:53.63 min. kuma an girka shi a ranar 03.09.2004 a Brussels (Belgium).
A cikin mata, mai riƙe da tarihin duniya shine Ruth Jebet daga Bahrain - 8: 52.78 (27.08.2016, Saint-Denis, Faransa).
Bayanan Olympics: Maza - Conseslus Kipruto (Kenya) 8: 03.28, 08/17/2016, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mata - Gulnara Galkina-Samitova (Rasha) 8: 58.81, 17.08.2008, Beijing, China.
Tarihin Turai: maza - 8: 04.95 min., mata - 8: 58.81 min.
A cikin matsayin duniya na yau, wakilan Kenya suna gudanar da manyan mukamai ga maza kuma Rasha ga mata.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa
A cikin 'yan wasan steeplechase suna amfani da nau'in sneakers na musamman waɗanda ke "fitar da" danshi. La'akari da cewa a cikin tseren dole ne ku nitse cikin ruwa sau 7, koda a bushewar yanayi, irin waɗannan takalman suna taimakawa da gaske. Wasu 'yan wasan Afirka sun magance wannan matsalar cikin sauki - suna gudu babu takalmi.
A wasannin Olympics na 1932. A cikin Los Angeles akwai wani abin mamakin da ya faru: alkalin ya bi dan Amurka da ke jefa kwallayen kuma ya shagala daga manyan ayyukansa, wanda ya shafi mahalarta gasar kai tsaye - sun yi wani karin zagaye.
Abubuwan da aka gabatar na wasan kwaikwayon nasara cikin ɗayan mahimman nau'ikan lamuran gudanawa, waɗanda aka san tsawan tsawan, sune:
- Ikon shawo kan mahimmin damuwa ta jiki
- Babban daidaituwa na ƙungiyoyi
- Mai da hankali
- Ikon canzawa tsakanin nau'ikan kaya daban-daban
- Lissafin sojoji da saurin yanke hukunci
Ana ba da shawarar shiga cikin irin wannan wasanni kawai bayan horo na farko da na musamman. Gudun tafiya a wurin shakatawa da tsayayyar tsayayyun tsayayyun tsayayyun wurare daban-daban.
