A cikin gasa, akwai gasa daban daban a cikin tsere mai nisa. Abin da waɗannan nisan suke, sifofinsu, da yadda ake kiran 'yan wasan da suka ci su, za a tattauna a wannan labarin.
Me ake kira mai gudu mai nisa?
Ana kiran ɗan wasa mai tsayi mai tsayayye.
Etymology na kalmar "stayer"
An fassara kalmar "stayer" kanta daga Turanci a matsayin "mai wahala". Gabaɗaya, masu tsere ba'a iyakance ga gudu ba.
Ta kuma yi fice a sauran wasanni, misali:
- keke,
- gudun kan kankara da sauransu.
Nisan nesa yana da nisa daga mita dubu uku da ƙari.
Hakanan ana iya kiran 'yan wasa a cikin wasu lamuran guje-guje masu nisa a takaice, misali: mai gudun rabin gudun fanfalaki, mai gudun fanfalaki, ko mai tsere na zamani.
Tun da ɗan wasa na iya shiga cikin tsere na tsayi daban-daban ko kuma ya shiga cikin wasannin da ba na gudu ba, da yawa kuma sun fahimta da sunan “mai tsayawa”, da farko dai, ɗaya daga cikin ƙaddarar athan wasan.
Nisan nisa
Bayani mai nisa
Kamar yadda muka riga muka ambata, an kira dogon lokaci, "tsayayyen" nesa bisa ga al'adar waɗancan nisan da ya fara daga mil biyu (ko mita 3218) Wani lokaci ana maganar nisan kilomita uku a nan. Kari kan wannan, wannan ya hada da gudun sa'a guda wanda ke gudana a filayen wasa.
A halin yanzu, bisa ga wasu rahotanni, batun "tsere mai nisa" ko "tsayayyar gudu" a al'adance ba ya hada da rabin marathon, marathons, wato, gasa inda ake yin nisa, duk da cewa ba a filin ba, amma a kan babbar hanya.
Nisa
Kamar yadda aka bayyana, yin tsere daga nesa jerin tsararru ne na horo da ake gudanarwa a filin wasa.
Musamman, wannan ya hada da:
- Mil mil 2 (mita 3218)
- Kilomita 5 (mita 5000)
- Kilomita 10 (10,000 m)
- 15 kilomita (mita 15,000 a filin wasa),
- Kilomita 20 (mita 20),
- Kilomita 25 (mita 25,000),
- Kilomita 30 (mita 30,000),
- awa daya tana gudana a cikin filin wasa.
Babban sanannen sanannen kuma shine:
- nesa na mita 5,000,
- nesa na mita 10,000.
Suna daga cikin shirye-shiryen Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya a Wasan guje guje da Wasannin Olimpic kuma ana yin su galibi a lokacin bazara. Wani lokaci masu tsere na mita 5,000 dole su yi gasa a ƙarƙashin rufin.
Sakamakon gwargwadon gudu na sa'a guda an tantance shi ta hanyar nisan da mai gudu ya yi tare da wajan filin wasan na awa daya.
Ana gudanar da tseren nesa a cikin da'irar ta amfani da babbar farawa. A wannan yanayin, 'yan wasa suna tafiya tare da hanya ɗaya.
A zagayen karshe kafin layin gamawa, kowane mai gudu yana jin kararrawa daga alkalin: wannan yana taimakawa kada a rasa lissafi.
Banda shine tafiyar sa'a. Duk masu fafatawa suna farawa a lokaci guda, kuma bayan awa ɗaya siginar don dakatar da sautunan gudana. Bayan haka, alƙalai suna yin alama akan waƙar da ɗan takara yake tsaye. Wannan ƙaddara ta baya. Sakamakon haka, wanda yayi gudu mai nisa a cikin awa daya ya zama mai nasara.
Dole ne a faɗi cewa ba a amfani da tseren nesa a cikin gasa ta kasuwanci: suna ɗaukar dogon lokaci kuma, a matsayinka na ƙa'ida, ba su da ban mamaki sosai, sai dai watakila kafin a gama.
Rikodi
Nisa mita 5,000
Daga cikin maza, tarihin duniya na wannan nisan, haka kuma na duniya na rikodin ciki da na Olympic, na mutum ɗaya ne: mai tsere daga Habasha Kenenis Bekele.
Don haka, ya kafa tarihin duniya a ranar 31 ga Mayu, 2004 a Hengelo (Netherlands), yana rufe nisan cikin 12: 37.35.
World (Na cikin gida) an shirya shi ne daga wani ɗan wasan Habasha a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu 2004 a Burtaniya. Mai gudu ya rufe mita 5000 a cikin 12: 49.60.
Bajakolin wasannin Olympic (12: 57.82) Kenenis Bekele ya kafa a ranar 23 ga Agusta, 2008 a wasannin Olympics a Beijing.
Habashawa ce ke rike da tarihi a duniya na mata 5,000 (14: 11.15)e Tirunesh Dibaba... Ta shirya shi a ranar 6 ga Yuni, 2008 a Oslo, Norway.
'Yar kasarta Genzebe Dibaba ce ta kafa tarihin tarihin cikin gida a ranar 19 ga Fabrairu, 2015 a Stockholm, Sweden.
Amma Gabriela Sabo daga Romania ta zama zakara a tseren mita 5000. A ranar 25 ga Satumba, 2000, a Wasannin Olympics na Australia (Ostiraliya), ta rufe wannan nisan a cikin 14: 40.79.
Nisa mita 10,000
Rikicin duniya na maza a wannan nesa na dan wasan daga Habasha Kenenis Bekele. A ranar 26 ga Agusta, 2005 a Brussels (Belgium) ya yi tseren mita 10,000 a cikin 26.17.53
Kuma a tsakanin mata wannan nesa ta Habasha Almaz Ayana a cikin 29.17.45. Hakan ya faru ne a ranar 12 ga watan Agusta, 2016 a wasannin Olympic a Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
10 kilomita (babbar hanya)
A cikin maza, rikodin na kilomita 10 a kan babbar hanya yana da Leonard Komon daga Kenya. Ya yi wannan nisan a cikin 26.44. Wannan ya faru ne a ranar 29 ga Satumba, 2010 a Netherlands.
Daga cikin mata, rikodin na Burtaniya ne Filin Radcliffe... Ta yi tafiyar kilomita 10 a babbar hanya a cikin 30.21. Wannan ya faru ne a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu, 2003 a San Juan (Puerto Rico).
Sa'a gudu
Rikodin duniya a cikin tafiyar sa'a ɗaya yakai mita 21,285. Wani shahararren dan wasa ne ya saka shi Haile Gebreselassie. Daga cikin mutanen Rasha, rikodin nasa ne Albert Ivanov, wanda a 1995 ya yi tafiyar mita 19,595 a cikin awa daya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa game da nisa da nisa
A halin yanzu, rikodin duniya a cikin tafiyar sa'a mita 21,285 ne. Wannan ya wuce nisan rabin gudun fanfalaki (yana da mita 21,097). Ya zama cewa mai riƙe da rikodin duniya a cikin sa'a guda, Haile Gebreselassie, ya kammala rabin marathon a cikin minti 59 na 28 seconds.
A lokaci guda, rikodin duniya a cikin rabin gudun fanfalaki, wanda na Samuel Wanjir na Kenya ne, ya rage ƙasa da minti ɗaya: ya kai minti 58 da dakika 33.
Wasu barkwanci: 'Yan asalin Kenya galibi suna yin nasara a tsere mai nisa, saboda wannan ƙasar tana da alamar hanya "ku yi hankali da zakuna".
A zahiri, rinjayen wakilan wannan ƙasa a cikin nesa mai nisa an bayyana ta mai zuwa:
- dogon motsa jiki,
- Siffofin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini: 'Yan Kenya suna rayuwa ƙafa 10,000 a saman teku.
Inaarfafawa yana da mahimmanci don cin nasarar tsere mai nisa. Ana samar dashi ta hanyar dogon horo. Don haka, mai tsere zai iya gudun kilomita dari biyu a mako a shirye-shiryen gasa.
