2019 yana gudana: mafi girma karatun karatu koyaushe

Wannan shine bincike na farko a duniya. Yana rufe sakamako 107.9 miliyan tsere da kuma sama da 70 dubu wasannigudanar daga 1986 zuwa 2018. Ya zuwa yanzu, wannan shine babban binciken da ake gudanarwa na gudana koyaushe. KeepRun ya fassara kuma ya buga duka binciken, zaku iya nazarin asalin akan gidan yanar gizon RunRepeat a wannan haɗin.

Babban binciken

1. Adadin mahalarta gasa yana raguwa da kashi 13% idan aka kwatanta da 2016. Sannan adadin mutanen da suke tsallaka layin ya wuce matsakaicin tarihi: miliyan 9.1. Koyaya, a cikin Asiya, yawan masu gudu suna ci gaba da ƙaruwa har zuwa yau.
2. Mutane suna gudu a hankali fiye da kowane lokaci. Musamman maza. A 1986, matsakaicin lokacin gamawa ya kasance 3:52:35, yayin da yau ya zama 4:32:49. Wannan bambanci ne na mintina 40 da sakan 14.
3. Masu tsere na zamani sune tsofaffi. A shekarar 1986, matsakaicin shekarunsu ya kai shekaru 35.2, a shekarar 2018 - shekaru 39.3.
4. An tseren Amateur daga Spain sun fi gudun fanfalaki fiye da sauran, Russia ta gudanar da rabin gudun fanfalaki mafi kyau, kuma Switzerland da Yukren su ne kan gaba a nisan kilomita 10 da 5, bi da bi.
5. A karo na farko a tarihi, yawan mata masu tsere ya wuce na maza. A 2018, mata sun kai kashi 50.24% na duk masu fafatawa.
6. A yau, fiye da kowane lokaci, mutane suna zuwa wasu ƙasashe don fafatawa.
7. Dalilin shiga gasa ya canza. Yanzu mutane sun fi damuwa ba da nasarorin wasanni ba, amma game da dalilai na zahiri, zamantakewa ko halayyar mutum. Wannan wani bangare ne yake bayyana dalilin da yasa mutane suka fara tafiye tafiye, suka fara tafiya a hankali, kuma me yasa yawan mutanen da suke son yin murnar cimma wata muhimmiyar mizanin shekaru (30, 40, 50) a yau bai wuce 15 da 30 shekaru da suka gabata ba.

Idan kana son kwatanta sakamakon ka da sauran masu gudu, akwai kalkuleta mai amfani don wannan.

Bayanan bincike da hanya

• Bayanai sun hada da kashi 96% na sakamakon gasar a Amurka, kashi 91% na sakamakon a Turai, Kanada da Ostiraliya, da galibin Asiya, Afirka da Kudancin Amurka.
• Ba a cire kwararrun masu tsere daga wannan binciken kamar yadda aka keɓe ga masu son.
• Tafiya da gudummawar sadaka an keɓance su daga binciken, kamar yadda ba a biyan buƙatu da sauran gudu waɗanda ba na al'ada ba.
• Binciken ya shafi kasashe 193 da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da su a hukumance.
• Theungiyar Fedeasashe ta Wasannin Wasannin Wasanni ta Duniya (IAAF) ta goyi bayan binciken kuma an gabatar da shi a cikin Sin a watan Yunin 2019.
• An tattara bayanai daga bayanan sakamakon gasar gami da daga daidaikun ƙungiyoyin wasannin motsa jiki da masu shirya gasar.
• A cikin duka, binciken ya haɗa da sakamakon tsere miliyan 107.9 da gasa dubu 70.
• Lokacin karatun lokaci ne daga 1986 zuwa 2018.

Dynamics na yawan mahalarta a cikin gasa masu gudana

Gudun yana ɗayan shahararrun wasanni kuma yana da masoya da yawa. Amma, kamar yadda jadawalin da ke ƙasa ya nuna, a cikin shekaru 2 da suka gabata, yawan mahalarta a cikin gasa masu gudana ya ragu sosai. Wannan yafi shafar Turai da Amurka. A lokaci guda, guje guje yana samun karbuwa a cikin Asiya, amma ba mai sauri ba don rama ragowar yamma.

Tarihin tarihin ya kasance a cikin 2016. Sannan akwai masu tsere miliyan 9.1 a duniya. Ya zuwa 2018, wannan adadin ya ragu zuwa miliyan 7.9 (watau ya ragu da kashi 13%). Idan kayi la'akari da canjin canjin cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata, to adadin masu gudu ya karu da kashi 57.8% (daga mutane miliyan 5 zuwa 7.9).

Adadin mahalarta gasar

Mafi shahararrun su ne nisan kilomita 5 da rabin marathons (a shekarar 2018, mutane miliyan 2.1 da miliyan 2.9 ne suka bi su). Koyaya, a cikin shekaru 2 da suka gabata, yawan mahalarta a cikin waɗannan fannoni sun ragu sosai. Masu tseren rabin gudun fanfalaki sun ragu da 25%, kuma gudun kilomita 5 ya zama ba kasafai ake samu da 13% ba.

Nisan kilomita 10 da kuma marato suna da mabiya kaɗan - a cikin 2018 akwai mahalarta miliyan 1.8 da 1.1. Koyaya, a cikin shekaru 2-3 da suka gabata, wannan lambar kusan ba ta canza ba kuma ta sauya cikin 2%.

Dynamics na yawan masu gudu a nesa daban-daban

Babu cikakken bayani game da raguwar yawan shahara. Amma a nan akwai wasu maganganu masu yiwuwa:

1. A cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata, adadin masu tsere ya karu da kashi 57%, wanda shi kansa abin birgewa ne. Amma, kamar yadda yake yawanci lamarin, bayan wasanni sun sami wadatattun masu bi, yana wucewa ta lokacin raguwa. Yana da wuya a ce ko wannan lokacin zai yi tsawo ko gajere. Kasance haka kawai, masana'antar da ke gudana suna buƙatar kiyaye wannan yanayin.
2. Yayinda wasanni ya zama sananne, yawancin fannoni daban-daban suna fitowa a ciki. Hakanan ya faru da gudu. Ko da shekaru 10 da suka gabata, gudun fanfalaki babban buri ne na rayuwa ga 'yan wasa da yawa, kuma' yan kaɗan ne za su iya cim ma hakan. Daga nan sai runan ƙwararrun masu tsere suka fara shiga cikin marathon. Wannan ya tabbatar da cewa wannan gwajin yana cikin ikon yan koyo. Akwai salon yin gudu, kuma a wani lokaci 'yan wasa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi sun fahimci cewa gudun fanfalaki ya daina wuce gona da iri. Sun daina jin na musamman, wanda ga yawancinsu yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman mahimmancin shiga cikin marathon. A sakamakon haka, wasan tsalle-tsalle, tseren hanya da triathlon sun bayyana.
3. Warin masu gudu ya canza, kuma gasar ba ta sami lokaci don daidaitawa da wannan ba. Alamu da yawa sun nuna wannan. Wannan binciken ya tabbatar da cewa: 1) A cikin 2019, mutane suna ba da mahimmancin mahimmanci ga abubuwan da suka shafi shekaru (30, 40, 50, 60 shekaru) fiye da shekaru 15 da suka gabata, sabili da haka ba a yin bikin ranar tunawa sau da yawa ta hanyar shiga cikin marathon, 2) Mutane suna iya yin tafiya don shiga a cikin gasa da 3) Matsakaicin lokacin gamawa ya karu sosai. Kuma wannan bai shafi ɗaiɗaikun mutane ba, amma ga duk waɗanda suka halarci gasar a matsakaita. Yanayin "yanayin jama'a" na gudun fanfalaki ya canza - yanzu masu saurin gudu sun shiga ciki. Wadannan maki uku suna nuna cewa mahalarta yanzu suna darajar ƙwarewa fiye da wasan motsa jiki. Wannan lamari ne mai matukar mahimmanci, amma masana'antar da ke gudana ba ta iya canzawa cikin lokaci don haɗuwa da ruhun zamani.

Wannan ya kawo batun abin da mutane suka fi so sau da yawa - manyan ko ƙananan gasanni. Ana yin la'akari da "babban" tsere idan sama da mutane dubu 5 suka shiga ciki.

Binciken ya nuna cewa yawan mahalarta a manyan da ƙananan al'amuran sun kusan daidai: manyan abubuwan da ke faruwa sun jawo hankalin masu gudu 14% fiye da ƙananan.

A lokaci guda, mahimmancin adadin masu tsere a lamuran biyu kusan ɗaya ne. Adadin mahalarta a manyan gasa ya karu har zuwa 2015, kuma karami - har zuwa 2016. Duk da haka, a yau kananan tsere suna rasa farin jini da sauri - tun daga 2016, an samu raguwar 13%. A halin yanzu, adadin mahalarta a cikin manyan wasannin marathon sun fadi da kashi 9%.

Adadin yawan masu fafatawa

Lokacin da mutane suke magana game da gasar gasa, galibi suna nufin marathons. Amma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, marathons ya rufe kawai 12% na duk mahalarta gasar (a farkon karnin wannan adadi ya kasance 25%). Maimakon cikakken nisa, yawancin mutane a yau sun fi son rabin marathons. Tun daga 2001, rabon rabin masu tsere na gudun fanfalaki ya karu daga 17% zuwa 30%.

Shekaru da yawa, yawan mahalarta a tseren kilomita 5 da 10 ya kasance kusan canzawa. Don kilomita 5, mai nuna alama ya sauya cikin 3%, kuma na kilomita 10 - a cikin 5%.

Rarraba mahalarta tsakanin nisan daban

Isharshen lokacin ƙarfafawa

Marathon

Duniya tana tafiya ahankali. Koyaya, tun shekara ta 2001, wannan aikin ya zama ba a bayyana shi sosai. Tsakanin 1986 da 2001, matsakaicin gudun fanfalaki ya karu daga 3:52:35 zuwa 4:28:56 (wato, da kashi 15%). A lokaci guda, tun shekara ta 2001, wannan alamar ta haɓaka da minti 4 kawai (ko 1.4%) kuma ya kai 4:32:49.

Tasirin lokacin gama duniya

Idan kayi la'akari da mahimmancin lokacin gamawa ga maza da mata, zaka ga cewa maza suna raguwa a hankali (duk da cewa canje-canje basu da mahimmanci tun 2001). Tsakanin 1986 da 2001, matsakaicin lokacin gamawa ga maza ya karu da mintuna 27, daga 3:48:15 zuwa 4:15:13 (wanda ke wakiltar ƙarin kashi 10.8%). Bayan haka, mai nuna alama ya tashi da mintuna 7 kawai (ko 3%).

A gefe guda kuma, mata sun fara jinkiri fiye da maza. Daga 1986 zuwa 2001, matsakaicin lokacin gama mata ya karu daga 4:18:00 na safe zuwa 4:56:18 na yamma (sama da minti 38 ko 14.8%). Amma da farkon karni na 21, yanayin ya canza kuma mata sun fara gudu da sauri. Daga 2001 zuwa 2018, matsakaita sun inganta da minti 4 (ko 1.3%).

Arshe kuzarin kawo cikas ga mata da maza

Arshe kuzarin kawo cikas ga nisan nesa

Ga duk sauran nisan, ana samun karuwa a tsawan lokacin gama maza da mata. Mata ne kawai suka sami nasarar shawo kan yanayin kuma kawai a cikin marathon.

Arshen lokacin ƙarfafawa - marathon

Arshen lokacin ƙarfafa - rabin gudun fanfalaki

Arshen lokacin ƙarfafawa - kilomita 10

Arshen lokacin ƙarfafawa - kilomita 5

Alaƙar da ke tsakanin tazara da saurin tafiya

Idan kayi la'akari da saurin gudu na dukkan nisan 4, nan da nan abin birgewa ne cewa mutane na kowane zamani da jinsi suna yin mafi kyau a rabin marathon. Mahalarta sun kammala rabin gudun fanfalaki a mafi girman matsakaicin gudu fiye da sauran nisan.

Don rabin gudun fanfalaki, tsaka-tsakin tsere shine kilomita 1 a cikin minti 5:40 na maza kuma kilomita 1 a cikin mintuna 6:22 na mata.

Don gudun fanfalaki, tsaka-tsakin tsere shine kilomita 1 cikin mintuna 6:43 ga maza (18% a hankali fiye da rabin gudun fanfalaki) da kuma kilomita 1 cikin mintuna 6:22 na mata (17% a hankali fiye da rabin gudun fanfalaki).

Don tazarar kilomita 10, tsaka-tsakin tafiyar kilomita 1 ne a cikin mintuna 5:51 na maza (3% a hankali fiye da rabin gudun fanfalaki) da kuma kilomita 1 a cikin mintina 6:58 na mata (9% a hankali fiye da rabin marathon) ...

Don tazarar kilomita 5, tsaka-tsakin tafiyar kilomita 1 ne a cikin mintuna 7:04 na maza (25% a hankali fiye da rabin gudun fanfalaki) da kuma kilomita 1 a cikin mintuna 8:18 na mata (30% a hankali fiye da rabin gudun fanfalaki) ...

Matsakaicin taki - mata

Matsakaicin taki - maza

Za a iya bayyana wannan bambancin da gaskiyar cewa rabin marathon ya fi shahara fiye da sauran nisan. Saboda haka, mai yiyuwa ne adadi mai yawa na gudun fanfalaki masu kyau sun sauya zuwa rabin gudun fanfalaki, ko kuma suna yin gudun fanfalaki da rabi.

Nisan 5 kilomita shine "mafi jinkirin", kamar yadda ya fi dacewa ga masu farawa da tsofaffi. A sakamakon haka, yawancin masu farawa suna shiga cikin tsere na 5K waɗanda ba sa sanya kansu burin nuna kyakkyawan sakamako.

Gama lokaci ta ƙasa

Yawancin masu tsere suna zaune a Amurka. Amma a tsakanin sauran ƙasashe da suka fi kowa gudu, Amurkawa masu tsere koyaushe sun kasance masu jinkiri.

A halin yanzu, tun daga 2002, masu tsere na gudun fanfalaki daga Spain suna ci gaba da wuce kowa.

Isharshen yanayin ƙarfin lokaci ta ƙasa

Latsa jerin jeri da ke ƙasa don ganin saurin wakilan ƙasashe daban-daban a nesa daban-daban:

Arshen lokaci ta ƙasa - 5 kilomita

Kasashe masu sauri a nesa na kilomita 5

Ba zato ba tsammani, kodayake Spain da ƙetare duk sauran ƙasashe a cikin gudun fanfalaki, a nisan kilomita 5 tana ɗaya daga cikin masu jinkiri. Kasashe mafiya sauri a nisan kilomita 5 su ne Ukraine, Hungary da Switzerland. A lokaci guda, Switzerland ta dauki matsayi na uku a tazarar kilomita 5, ta farko a tazarar kilomita 10, kuma ta biyu a marathon. Wannan ya sa ɗan Switzerland ya zama mafi kyawun tsere a duniya.

Bayanin masu nuna alama na kilomita 5

Idan aka duba sakamakon maza da mata daban, 'yan wasa maza na Sifen suna daga cikin masu sauri akan tazarar kilomita 5. Koyaya, akwai mafi ƙanƙanta daga cikinsu fiye da mata masu tsere, don haka sakamakon Spain a cikin matsayin gaba ɗaya ya bar abin da ake so. Gabaɗaya, maza mafi sauri a tseren kilomita 5 suna zaune a cikin Ukraine (a matsakaita, suna yin wannan tazarar cikin mintuna 25 da sakan 8), Spain (minti 25 daƙiƙa 9) da Switzerland (minti 25 da sakan 13).

Bayanin alamomi na kilomita 5 - maza

Mazajen da suka fi jinkiri a wannan ladaran su ne Filipins (minti 42 da dakika 15), New Zealanders (minti 43 da sakan 29) da Thais (minti 50 da minti 46).

Game da matan da suka fi sauri, su ne Yukreniyanci (minti 29 da sakan 26), Hungary (minti 29 da sakan 28) da Austriya (minti 31 da sakan 8). A lokaci guda, matan Yukren suna gudun kilomita 5 fiye da maza daga ƙasashe 19 a jerin da ke sama.

Bayanin alamomi na kilomita 5 - mata

Kamar yadda kake gani, matan Spain sun kasance na biyu masu saurin gudu a nisan kilomita 5. Makamancin sakamako an nuna su New Zealand, Philippines da Thailand.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wasu ƙasashe sun inganta ayyukansu sosai, yayin da wasu suka faɗi ƙasa zuwa ƙimar jadawalin. Da ke ƙasa akwai hoto wanda ke nuna tasirin ƙarshen lokacin sama da shekaru 10. Dangane da jadawalin, yayin da Filipinos ke kasancewa ɗayan masu jinkirin gudu, sun inganta aikinsu sosai cikin fewan shekarun da suka gabata.

Yan Ailan sun girma sosai. Matsakaicin lokacin gamawarsu ya ragu da kusan mintuna shida cikakke. A gefe guda kuma, Sifen ta rage gudu a matsakaici na mintina 5 - fiye da kowace ƙasa.

Arshen lokacin ƙarfafawa a cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata (kilomita 5)

Arshen lokaci ta ƙasa - 10 kilomita

Kasashe mafiya sauri a nisan kilomita 10

Switzerland ta jagoranci jerin masu gudu mafi sauri a kilomita 10. A kan matsakaita, suna tafiyar nesa a cikin minti 52 da dakika 42. A matsayi na biyu shine Luxembourg (minti 53 daƙiƙa 6), kuma na uku - Portugal (minti 53 daƙiƙa 43). Bugu da kari, kasar Portugal tana daga cikin manyan ukun da ke nesa.

Amma ga ƙasashe masu jinkirin, Thailand da Vietnam sun sake bambanta kansu. Gabaɗaya, waɗannan ƙasashe suna cikin uku a saman 3 daga nesa 4.

Bayanin masu nuna alama na kilomita 10

Idan muka juya zuwa alamomin ga maza, Switzerland har yanzu tana a matsayi na 1 (tare da ƙimar minti 48 da sakan 23), kuma Luxembourg tana a biyu (minti 49 da minti 58). A lokaci guda, mutanen na Norway sun mamaye wuri na uku tare da matsakaita na minti 50 1 sakan.

Bayanin alamomi na kilomita 10 - maza

A cikin mata, matan Fotigal sun fi gudun kilomita 10 (mintuna 55 da dakika 40), wanda ke nuna kyakkyawan sakamako fiye da maza daga Vietnam, Najeriya, Thailand, Bulgaria, Girka, Hungary, Belgium, Austria da Serbia.

Gwanin aiki na kilomita 10 - mata

A cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata, kasashe 5 ne kawai suka inganta sakamakonsu a tazarar kilomita 10. Mutanen Yukren sun yi iya ƙoƙarinsu - a yau suna gudun kilomita 10 da mintuna 36 da sauri. A lokaci guda, Italiawa sun ragu sosai, suna ƙara mintuna 9 da rabi zuwa matsakaicin lokacin kammala su.

Arshen yanayin saurin cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata (kilomita 10).

Arshen Lokacin ta Countryasa - Rabin Marathon

Rabin Kasashe Mafi Girma

Rasha ce kan gaba a tseren marathon da matsakaicin sakamako na awa 1 da mintuna 45 da dakika 11. Belgium ta zo ta biyu ne (awa 1 da minti 48 da sakan), yayin da Spain ta zo ta uku (awa 1 da minti 50 minti 20). Gasar rabin gudun fanfalaki ta fi shahara a Turai, don haka ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa Turawa sun nuna kyakkyawan sakamako a wannan tazarar.

Game da marathon mafi jinkirin, suna zaune a cikin Malesiya. A kan matsakaita, masu tsere daga wannan ƙasa sun fi Russia saurin 33%.

Nunin nuna alama na rabin gudun fanfalaki

Rasha ta kasance ta farko a cikin rabin marathon tsakanin mata da maza. Belgium ta ɗauki matsayi na biyu a duka rukunonin.

Rabin Marathon Performance Ranking - Maza

Matan Rasha sun fi tseren gudun fanfalaki fiye da maza daga kasashe 48 na jadawalin. Sakamakon ban sha'awa.

Rabin Marathon Sakamakon Sakamakon - Mata

Kamar yadda yake game da tazarar kilomita 10, kasashe 5 ne kawai suka inganta sakamakonsu a rabin gudun famfalaki cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata. 'Yan wasan Rasha sun fi girma. A matsakaici, suna ɗaukar mintuna 13 mintuna 45 ƙasa da rabin marathon yau. Yana da kyau a lura da Belgium a matsayi na 2, wanda ya inganta matsakaicin sakamakonsa a cikin rabin marathon da minti 7 da rabi.

Saboda wani dalili, mazaunan ƙasashen Scandinavia - Denmark da Netherlands - sun yi jinkiri sosai.Amma har yanzu suna ci gaba da nuna kyakkyawan sakamako kuma suna cikin goman farko.

Arshen lokacin ƙarfafawa a cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata (rabin gudun fanfalaki)

Arshen Lokacin ta Countryasa - Marathon

Kasashe mafi sauri a cikin marathon

Marathon mafi sauri shine Mutanen Spain (3 awanni 53 mintuna 59), na Switzerland (awa 3 55 mintuna 12) da Fotigal (sa'o'i 3 59 minti 31 sakan).

Sakamakon jeri don gudun fanfalaki

Daga cikin maza, mafi kyawun tsere a tseren marathon su ne Mutanen Spain (sa'o'i 3 49 mintuna 21), da Fotigal (3 awanni 55 mintuna 10) da kuma 'yan Norway (3 awanni 55 da mintuna 14).

Tsarin Marathon Performance - Maza

Mata na 3 mafi banbanci da na maza. A kan matsakaita, Switzerland ta nuna sakamako mafi kyau a gudun fanfalaki tsakanin mata (4 awanni 4 da minti 31), Iceland (awanni 4 mintuna 13 da dakika 51) da kuma Ukraine (awanni 4 da minti 14 da dakika 10).

Matan Switzerland sun kasance mintuna 9 da mintuna 20 a gaba da maƙwabtansu - matan Icelandic. Bugu da ƙari, suna gudu fiye da maza daga 63% na sauran ƙasashe a cikin darajar. Ciki har da Burtaniya, Amurka, Japan, Afirka ta Kudu, Singapore, Vietnam, Philippines, Rasha, Indiya, China da Mexico.

Matsayi na Marathon Matsayi - Mata

A cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata, wasan gudun fanfalaki na galibin kasashe ya tabarbare. Vietnamese sun fi jinkiri galibi gaba ɗaya - matsakaicin lokacin ƙarewarsu ya karu da kusan awa ɗaya. A lokaci guda, Yukren sun nuna kansu mafi kyau duka, suna haɓaka sakamakon su ta mintina 28 da rabi.

Amma ga ƙasashen da ba na Turai ba, Japan abin lura ne. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, Jafananci sun yi gudun fanfalaki mintina 10 cikin sauri.

Isharshen lokacin ƙarfafawa a cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata (marathon)

Dynamarfafawar shekaru

Masu gudu ba su taɓa tsufa ba

Matsakaicin shekarun masu gudu yana ci gaba da tashi. A cikin 1986, wannan adadi ya kasance shekaru 35.2, kuma a cikin 2018 - tuni ya kasance shekaru 39.3. Wannan yana faruwa ne saboda manyan dalilai guda biyu: wasu daga cikin mutanen da suka fara gudu a cikin shekaru 90s suna ci gaba da wasanninsu na wasanni har zuwa yau.

Bugu da kari, kwarin gwiwar motsa jiki ya canza, kuma yanzu mutane ba sa bin sakamakon. A sakamakon haka, gudu ya zama ya fi araha ga masu matsakaitan shekaru da tsofaffi. Matsakaicin lokacin gamawa da yawan masu tsere da ke tafiya don shiga gasa ya karu, mutane sun fara yin kasa kadan don sanya alamar cikar shekaru (30, 40, 50).

Matsakaicin shekarun masu gudun kilomita 5 ya karu daga shekaru 32 zuwa 40 (da kashi 25%), na kilomita 10 - daga shekaru 33 zuwa 39 (23%), ga rabin masu gudun fanfalaki - daga 37.5 zuwa 39 shekaru (3%), kuma ga masu gudun fanfalaki - daga shekara 38 zuwa 40 (6%).

Dynamarfafawar shekaru

Arshen lokaci a cikin ƙungiyoyin shekaru daban-daban

Kamar yadda ake tsammani, yawancin mutane sama da 70 suna nuna sakamako mafi jinkiri (a gare su matsakaicin lokacin gamawa a cikin 2018 shine awanni 5 da minti 40). Koyaya, zama ƙarami ba koyaushe yake nufin mafi kyau ba.

Don haka, mafi kyawun sakamako ana nuna shi ta ƙungiyar shekaru daga 30 zuwa 50 shekaru (matsakaicin lokacin gamawa - 4 awanni 24 da minti). A lokaci guda, masu gudu har zuwa shekaru 30 suna nuna matsakaicin lokacin kammalawa na awanni 4 da minti 32. Mai nuna alama yana daidai da sakamakon mutanen 50-60 shekaru - 4 hours 34 minti.

Arshen lokacin ƙarfafawa a cikin rukunoni daban-daban:

Ana iya bayyana wannan ta banbancin kwarewa. Ko kuma, a madadin haka, matasa mahalarta kawai suna "gwada" yadda ake gudanar da gudun fanfalaki. Ko kuma suna shiga don kamfanin da kuma saboda sababbin abokan, kuma ba sa ƙoƙari don samun babban sakamako.

Rarraba shekaru

A cikin marathons, akwai ƙaruwar kason matasa a ƙasa da shekaru 20 (daga 1.5% zuwa 7.8%), amma a ɗaya hannun, akwai ƙananan masu tsere daga shekaru 20 zuwa 30 (daga 23.2% zuwa 15.4%). Abin sha'awa, a lokaci guda, adadin mahalarta shekaru 40-50 suna girma (daga 24.7% zuwa 28.6%).

Rarraba shekaru - marathon

A tazarar kilomita 5, an sami karancin mahalarta matasa, amma yawan masu tsere sama da 40 na karuwa a hankali. Don haka nisan kilomita 5 babba ne ga masu farawa, daga wannan za mu iya yanke hukuncin cewa a yau mutane sun fara fara gudu a tsakiyar da tsufa.

Yawancin lokaci, yawan masu gudu ƙasa da shekaru 20 a nesa da kilomita 5 kusan bai canza ba, duk da haka, yawan 20an wasan shekaru 20-30 sun ragu daga 26.8% zuwa 18.7%. Hakanan akwai raguwa a cikin mahalarta masu shekaru 30-40 - daga 41.6% zuwa 32.9%.

Amma a gefe guda, mutanen da suka haura shekaru 40 suna lissafin fiye da rabin mahalarta a tseren kilomita 5. Tun daga 1986, ƙimar ta girma daga 26.3% zuwa 50.4%.

Rarraba shekaru - 5 km

Cin nasara da gudun fanfalaki babbar nasara ce. A baya can, mutane galibi suna yin bikin murnar shekaru (30, 40, 50, 60 shekaru) ta hanyar yin gudun fanfalaki. A yau wannan al'adar ba ta tsufa ba. Kari kan haka, a kan lankwasa ta shekarar 2018 (duba hoton da ke kasa), har yanzu zaka iya ganin kananan kololuwa akasin shekarun "zagaye". Amma a gaba ɗaya, ana iya ganin yanayin kusan ƙasa da shekaru 15 da 30 da suka wuce, musamman idan muka kula da alamomin na shekaru 30-40.

Rarraba shekaru

Rarraba shekaru ta hanyar jima'i

Ga mata, rarraba shekaru yana karkata zuwa hagu, kuma matsakaicin shekarun mahalarta shekaru 36 ne. Gabaɗaya, mata suna farawa da daina gudu tun suna ƙarami. An yi amannar cewa hakan ya samo asali ne daga haihuwa da tarbiyyar yara, inda mata ke taka rawa fiye da maza.

Rarraba shekaru tsakanin mata

Mafi yawanci maza suna gudu ne da shekara 40, kuma gaba ɗaya rarraba shekarun ya fi ma tsakanin maza fiye da na mata.

Rarraba shekaru tsakanin maza

Mata suna gudu

A karon farko a tarihi, mata sun fi maza gudu

Gudun yana daya daga cikin wasanni mafi sauki ga mata. A yau yawan mata a cikin tseren kilomita 5 ya kusan 60%.

A matsakaita, tun daga 1986, yawan matan da ke gudana ya karu daga 20% zuwa 50%.

Kashi na mata

Gabaɗaya, ƙasashen da suke da kaso mafi girma na 'yan wasa mata sune ƙasashe da suke da mafi girman daidaito tsakanin maza da mata a cikin al'umma. Wannan ya hada da Iceland, Amurka da Kanada, wadanda suke a saman matsayi uku a cikin martaba. A lokaci guda, saboda wasu dalilai, da kyar mata ke gudu a Italia da Switzerland - da kuma a Indiya, Japan da Koriya ta Arewa.

Countriesasashe 5 da suke da mafi girma da mafi ƙarancin kashi na mata masu tsere

Yadda kasashe daban-daban suke gudana

Daga cikin dukkan masu tsere, Jamus, Spain da Netherlands ne ke da kaso mafi tsoka na masu tsere na gudun fanfalaki. Faransawa da Czech sun fi son rabin marathon. Norway da Denmark sun fi kowa gudu a nisan kilomita 10, kuma gudun kilomita 5 ya shahara musamman a Amurka, Philippines da Afirka ta Kudu.

Rarraba mahalarta ta nesa

Idan muka yi la'akari da rarraba tazara daga nahiyoyi, to a Arewacin Amurka ana tafiyar kilomita 5 sau da yawa, a Asiya - kilomita 10, da Turai - rabin marathons.

Rarraba nisa daga nahiyoyi

Wadanne kasashe ne suka fi gudu

Bari mu kalli yawan masu gudu a cikin jimlar yawan ƙasashe daban-daban. Loveaunar Irish ta fi son gudanar da komai - 0.5% na yawan jama'ar ƙasar sun halarci gasar. Wannan shi ne, a zahiri, kowane ɗan Irish na 200 ya shiga cikin gasar. Burtaniya da Netherlands suna bin su da 0.2%.

Kashi na yawan masu gudu a cikin yawan jama'ar ƙasar (2018)

Sauyin yanayi da gudu

Dangane da sakamakon binciken kwanan nan, ana iya cewa yanayin zafin jiki yana da tasirin tasiri akan lokacin ƙarshe na matsakaici. A lokaci guda, mafi kyawun zafin jiki don gudana shine 4-10 digiri Celsius (ko 40-50 Fahrenheit).

Mafi kyau duka zafin jiki don gudu

A saboda wannan dalili, yanayin yakan shafi sha'awar mutane da ikon gudu. Don haka, galibin masu tsere ana samun su a cikin ƙasashe a cikin yanayi mai yanayi mai zafi da arctic, kuma ƙasa da a wurare masu zafi da kuma yanayin ƙauyuka.

Kashi na masu gudu a yanayi daban-daban

Yanayin tafiya

Yin tafiya don gasa bai kasance ba mashahuri

Andarin mutane da yawa suna tafiya don shiga cikin tseren. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an sami gagarumin ƙaruwa a cikin adadin masu gudu waɗanda ke tafiya zuwa wasu ƙasashe don shiga cikin wasannin motsa jiki.

Daga cikin marathoners, wannan adadi ya tashi daga 0.2 zuwa 3.5%. Daga cikin masu tseren rabin gudun fanfalaki - daga 0.1% zuwa 1.9%. Daga cikin samfuran 10K - daga 0.2% zuwa 1.4%. Amma tsakanin dubu biyar, yawan matafiya ya fadi daga 0.7% zuwa 0.2%. Wataƙila wannan ya faru ne saboda ƙaruwar abubuwan wasanni a cikin ƙasashensu na asali, wanda hakan ya sa ba dole ba ne a yi balaguro.

Rabon baƙi da mazaunan gida a tsakanin mahalarta wasannin

An bayyana yanayin ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa tafiye tafiye yana samun sauki. Mutane da yawa suna magana da Ingilishi (musamman a lokacin wasanni), kuma akwai aikace-aikacen fassara masu amfani. Kamar yadda kake gani a jadawalin da ke ƙasa, a cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata, yawan masu magana da Ingilishi da ke tafiya zuwa ƙasashen da ba Ingilishi don yin gasa ya karu daga 10.3% zuwa 28.8%.

Gushewar matsalolin harshe

Sakamakon yan takara na gida da na waje

A matsakaici, 'yan wasa na ƙasashen waje sun fi' yan wasan cikin gida gudu, amma wannan tazarar tana taƙaitawa a kan lokaci.

A shekara ta 1988, matsakaicin lokacin gamawa ga mata 'yan kasashen waje masu gudu ya kasance awanni 3 na mintina 56, wanda ya fi sauri fiye da na matan gida (a wajen su, matsakaicin lokacin kammalawa ya kasance awa 4 da mintuna 13). Zuwa shekarar 2018, wannan tazarar ta ragu zuwa 2%. A yau matsakaicin lokacin gamawa ga masu fafatawa na gida shine awanni 4 na mintina 51, kuma na matan waje - awanni 4 na mintina 46.

Game da maza, baƙi suna amfani da saurin 8% fiye da na gida. A shekarar 1988, tsohon ya tsallake layin gamawa cikin awanni 3 a mintina 29, na biyun kuma cikin awanni 3 cikin mintina 45. A yau, matsakaiciyar lokacin kammalawa shine awanni 4 na mintuna 21 don mazauna gida da kuma awanni 4 na mintuna 11 don baƙi. Bambancin ya ragu zuwa 4%.

Isharshen lokacin ƙarfafa maza da mata

Hakanan lura cewa, a matsakaita, mahalarta baƙi a cikin jinsi sun girmi shekaru 4.4 fiye da na cikin gida.

Shekarun mahalarta na gida da na waje

Kasashe don balaguron mahalarta jinsi

Mafi yawa mutane sun fi son tafiya zuwa ƙasashe masu matsakaici. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin waɗannan ƙasashe ana gudanar da gasa da yawa, kuma gabaɗaya ya fi dacewa tafiya cikin su.

Yiwuwar Yin Balaguro zuwa byasar ta Girman

Mafi sau da yawa, 'yan wasa suna tafiya daga ƙananan ƙasashe. Wataƙila saboda gaskiyar cewa babu wadatar gasa a ƙasarsu.

Yiwuwar tafiya ta girman ƙasa

Ta yaya kwarin gwiwar masu gudu yake canzawa?

Gaba ɗaya, akwai manyan dalilai 4 waɗanda ke motsa mutane su gudu.

Dalilin ilimin halin dan Adam:

• Kulawa ko inganta darajar kai
• Neman ma'anar rayuwa
• Suppuntataccen motsin rai

Motivarfafa jama'a:

• Ana son jin wani ɓangare na motsi ko rukuni
• Ganewa da yardar wasu

Motsa jiki:

• Lafiya
• Rage nauyi

Motsa jiki nasara:

• Gasa
• Manufofin mutum

Daga gasar har zuwa kwarewar da ba za a iya mantawa da ita ba

Akwai alamun bayyanannu da yawa da ke nuna canji a cikin kwarin gwiwar masu gudu:

1. Matsakaicin lokacin rufe nisa yana ƙaruwa
2. Runarin masu gudu suna tafiya don gasa
3. Babu mutane ƙalilan da ke gudu don yin alama akan mihimmin ci gaba

shi iya ya bayyana ta gaskiyar cewa a yau mutane sun fi mai da hankali ga dalilan halayyar mutum, kuma ba ga nasarorin wasanni ba.

Amma wani dalili iya ya ta'allaka ne da cewa yau wasan motsa jiki ya zama mafi sauƙi ga masu son wasa, waɗanda ƙwarin gwiwarsu ya bambanta da na masu ƙwarewa. Wato, dalilin samun nasara bai ɓace a ko'ina ba, kawai adadi mai yawa na mutane waɗanda ke da wasu manufofi da dalilai sun fara tsunduma cikin wasanni. Godiya ga waɗannan mutane cewa muna ganin canje-canje a cikin matsakaitan lokutan gamawa, yanayin tafiya da raguwar tsere-tseren shekaru.

Wataƙila saboda wannan dalili, yawancin 'yan wasa, waɗanda ke motsawa ta motsawar nasara, sun sauya zuwa mafi tsere. Wataƙila matsakaita mai gudu a yau yana darajar sabbin abubuwan gogewa da ƙwarewa fiye da da. Amma wannan ba yana nufin cewa kwazon samun nasara ya koma baya ba. Abin sani kawai nasarorin wasanni ba sa taka rawar gani a yau fiye da abubuwan da aka fahimta.

Mawallafin bincike na asali

Jens Yakubu Andersen - mai son gajeren nisa. Mafi kyawun nasa a kilomita 5 shine mintina 15 da dakika 58. Dangane da tsere miliyan 35, ya kasance cikin masu gudu mafi sauri cikin 0.2% a tarihi.

A baya, Jens Jakob yana da shagon kayan haɗi mai gudana kuma ya kasance ƙwararren mai tsere.

Ayyukansa a kai a kai suna fitowa a cikin The New York Times, Washington Post, BBC da wasu littattafai masu ɗaukaka. Ya kuma bayyana a cikin kwasfan fayiloli sama da 30 masu gudana.

Kuna iya amfani da kayan aiki daga wannan rahoton kawai tare da yin bincike na asali. da kuma haɗin haɗin aiki zuwa fassarar.

Kalli bidiyon: HATSARI: WANI JIRGIN RUWA YA KIFE A KOGIN KWARA (Mayu 2025).