Gasar motsa jiki ita ce mafi yawan wasanni. Yana da damar zuwa kowane mutum, baya buƙatar kayan aiki na musamman, wani lokacin ba'a buƙatar wuri na musamman. Ba shi da mahimmanci shekaru, jinsi, matsayin lafiyar. Kowa na iya gudu.
Wasanni - Wasannin Olympics, ya hada da mafi yawan fannoni (24 - na maza, 23 na mata). Abu ne mai sauki a rikice da irin wadannan nau'ikan. Dole ne mu bayyana.
Menene Wasannin Wasanni?
Ta hanyar al'ada, an kasa shi zuwa ƙananan ƙananan, waɗanda suka haɗa da:
- gudu;
- tafiya;
- tsalle;
- ko'ina;
- jifa jifa.
Kowane rukuni ya ƙunshi fannoni da yawa.
Gudu
Babban wakilin wannan wasan motsa jiki ya fara da shi.
Ya hada da:
- Gudu. Gajerun hanyoyi. Gudu. 'Yan wasa suna tseren mita 100, 200, 400. Akwai nisan da ba na misali ba. Misali, tafiyar mita 300, mita 30, 60 (ma'aunin makaranta). Masu tsere a cikin gida suna tsere a nesa ta ƙarshe (60m).
- Matsakaici Length - mita 800, 1500, 3000. A cikin batun na ƙarshe, hanyar kawo cikas tana yiwuwa. Wannan, a zahiri, baya gajiyar jerin, ana gudanar da gasa a nesa mai nisa: mita 600, kilomita (1000), mil, 2000 mita.
- Stayersky. Tsawon ya wuce mita 3000. Babban nisan Olympic shine mita 5000 da 10000. Hakanan an saka marathon (kilomita 42 kilomita 195) a cikin wannan rukunin.
- Tare da matsaloli. In ba haka ba, ana kiran sa da steeple-chaz. Suna yin gasa musamman a nesa biyu. A waje - 3000, a cikin gida (fagen fama) - 2000. Ma'anarta ita ce shawo kan waƙa, wacce ke da matsaloli 5. Daga cikinsu akwai rami cike da ruwa.
- Saurin gudu Tsawon gajere ne. Mata suna tafiyar da mita 100, maza - 110. Hakanan akwai nesa na mita 400. Adadin shingayen da aka sanya koyaushe iri ɗaya ne. Kullum 10 suke. Amma tazarar da ke tsakanin su na iya bambanta.
- Gudun gudu Gasar ƙungiya ce kawai (yawanci mutane 4). Suna gudu 100m da 400m (daidaitattun nisa). Akwai jinsunan hade da hadewa wadanda ake hadawa, watau Hakanan sun hada da nisan wani tsawan daban, wani lokacin cikas. Ya kamata a sani cewa ana gudanar da gasar relay a tseren mita 1500, 200, 800. Mahimmancin relay abu ne mai sauki. Kuna buƙatar kawo sandar zuwa layin gamawa. Dan wasan da ya kammala matakin sa ya mika sandar ga abokin aikin sa.
Waɗannan sune manyan fannoni masu gudana waɗanda aka haɗa a cikin shirye-shiryen gasa na duniya da kuma Gasar Olympics.
Tafiya
Ba kamar yawon shakatawa na yau da kullun ba, wannan mataki ne na musamman da aka haɓaka.
Abubuwan buƙatun asali don shi:
- koyaushe madaidaiciya kafa;
- akai (a kalla na gani) tuntuɓar ƙasa.
A al’adance, ‘yan wasa suna tafiya kilomita 10 da 20 a waje, 200 m da 5 a cikin gida. Bugu da kari, yin tafiya a mita dubu 50 da dubu 20 na cikin shirin na Olympics.
Tsalle
Ka'idar mai sauki ce. Kuna buƙatar tsalle ko dai zuwa nesa ko dai yadda ya yiwu. A cikin ta farko, ana ba da tsalle tare da wani sashi inda ake samun hanyar sauka da rami, galibi cike da yashi.
Akwai irin wannan tsalle guda biyu:
- a fili;
- sau uku, wato tsalle uku da saukowa.
Suna tsalle sama ko dai ta amfani da ƙarfin tsokoki kawai, ko kuma (ƙari) ta amfani da na'urar na musamman, sanda. An yi tsalle duka daga tsaye da kuma gudu.
Amai
Aiki: don jefa ko tura abu gwargwadon iko.
Wannan horo ya ƙunshi ƙananan ra'ayoyi da yawa:
- Turawa na aiki An yi amfani dashi azaman ainihin sa. An yi shi da karfe (baƙin ƙarfe, tagulla, da sauransu). Nauyin namiji - kilogram 7, 26, mace - 4.
- Amai. Kayan aiki - faifai, mashi, ƙwallo, gurnati. Mashi:
- Ga maza, nauyi - 0.8 kg, tsawon - daga 2.8 m zuwa 2.7;
- Ga mata, nauyi - 0.6 kg, tsawon - 0.6 m.
Disk. Jefa shi daga yanki mai faɗin diamita na mita 2.6.
Guduma. Nauyin aiki - gram 7260 (namiji), kilogiram 4 - mace. An yi shi ne daga abubuwa iri ɗaya kamar ainihin. Bangaren yayin gasar an katange shi da ƙarfe na ƙarfe (don kare lafiyar 'yan kallo). Jefa ƙwallo ko gurneti ba a cikin shirin gasa na Olympics da na duniya.
Duk-kewaye
Ya hada da tsalle, gudu, amai. A cikin duka, ana gane nau'ikan 4 na irin waɗannan gasa:
- Decathlon. Maza ne kawai ke shiga. An gudanar a lokacin rani. Suna gasa a tseren gudu (100m), tsayi mai tsayi, tsalle tsalle, bugun harbi, discus da javelin putt, kilomita 1.5 da mita 400.
- Mata heptathlon. Ana kuma gudanar da shi a lokacin rani. Ya hada da: Matakai 100m. tsayi mai tsayi da tsayi, yana gudana a mita 800 da 200. jifa jifa da harbi sa.
- Namiji heptathlon. Ana gudanar da shi a cikin hunturu. Suna gasa a cikin mita 60 (mai sauƙi) da matsaloli, da kuma mita 1000, tsalle mai tsayi (mai sauƙi) da kuma sandunan igiyoyi, tsalle mai tsayi, sanya harbi.
- Mata pentathlon. Ana gudanar da shi a cikin hunturu. Ya hada da: Matakai 60 m, 800 mai sauki, tsayi da tsayi mai tsayi, sanya harbi.
'Yan wasa suna gasa a matakai biyu a cikin kwanaki da yawa.
Dokokin Wasanni
Kowane irin wasannin motsa jiki yana da dokokinsa. Koyaya, akwai na gama gari waɗanda dole ne kowane ɗan takara ya bi su, kuma da farko duk masu shirya gasar.
Da ke ƙasa akwai manyan ne kawai:
- Idan gudu yayi takaice, waƙar ya zama madaidaiciya. An ba da izinin madauwari hanya mai nisa.
- A cikin tazara kaɗan, dan tseren yana gudu ne kawai akan waƙar da aka ba shi (har zuwa 400m). Fiye da 600 zai iya riga zuwa ga janar.
- A nesa har zuwa 200 m, adadin mahalarta tsere yana da iyaka (bai wuce 8 ba).
- Lokacin yin kusurwa, an hana sauyawa zuwa hanyar da ke kusa da shi.
A tseren nesa-nesa (har zuwa mita 400), ana ba 'yan wasa umarni uku:
- "Shirya don farawa" - shiri na ɗan wasa;
- "Hankali" - shiri don dash;
- "Maris" - farkon motsi.
Filin wasa
Kuna iya shiga cikin wasannin motsa jiki, a zahiri, ko'ina. Babu wani tsari na musamman da ake buƙata don wannan. Misali, wasu lamuran da ke gudana suna da kyau a shimfidar wuri (giciye) ko kan hanyoyin da aka kafa. Kari kan haka, kusan kowane filin wasa yana da kayan aikin wasan motsa jiki ban da daidaitaccen filin kwallon kafa.
Amma ana kuma gina wurare na musamman da filayen wasannin motsa jiki. Suna iya zama duka a buɗe da rufe, ma'ana, suna da katangu da rufin da ke kariya daga sanyi da hazo. Dole ne a samar da yanki don gudu, tsalle da jifa da kuma kayan aiki.
Gasar tsere
Wadanne irin wasannin tsere ba a gudanar da su? Duk kuma kada ku ƙidaya.
Amma manyan gasannin wasannin motsa jiki sune kamar haka:
- Wasannin Olympics (kowane shekara 4);
- Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya (na farko a shekarar 1983, duk shekara biyu);
- Gasar Turai (duk bayan shekaru biyu tun 1934);
- Gasar Cin Kofin Cikin Gida ta Duniya duk bayan shekaru 2 (ko da).
Wataƙila mafi tsufa kuma a lokaci guda madawwamin wasanni na wasanni ne. Shahararrunsa bai ɓace ba tsawon shekaru.
Akasin haka, adadin waɗanda ke cikin sa kawai ke ƙaruwa kowace shekara. Kuma dalili shine mai zuwa: baku buƙatar kayan aiki na musamman, yankuna da makamantansu don azuzuwan, kuma babu shakka fa'idodin azuzuwan.
