Marathon na kilomita 42 - bayanai da bayanai masu ban sha'awa

Marathons ba sabon abu bane tsakanin yawancin wasannin motsa jiki. Dukansu kwararrun 'yan wasa da gogaggun' yan wasa, da kuma yan wasa masu son halarta suna halartarsu. Ta yaya nisan gudun fanfalaki ya kasance kuma kwanaki nawa a jere zaku iya rufe shi?

Menene tarihin fitowar wani gudun fanfalaki mai nisan kilomita 42, kuma menene rikodin duniya na yanzu a gudun fanfalaki na mata da maza? Wanene a cikin manyan 'yan tsere 10 mafi sauri kuma menene hujjoji masu ban sha'awa game da gudun fanfalaki na kilomita 42? Kazalika da nasihu don shiryawa da shawo kan marathon, karanta wannan labarin.

Tarihin gudun fanfalaki kilomita 42

Marathon fanni ne na tsere da filin horo na Olympics kuma yana da nisan kilomita 42, mita 195 (ko mil 26, yadudduka 395). A wasannin Olimpic, maza sun shiga gasar wannan tun daga 1896, kuma mata tun daga 1984.

A matsayinka na ƙa'ida, ana gudanar da marathons a kan babbar hanya, kodayake wani lokacin wannan lokacin yana nufin gasa a nesa mai nisa a kan filin ƙasa, haka kuma a cikin mawuyacin yanayi (wani lokaci nesa zai iya zama daban). Wani sanannen nesa mai nisa shine rabin gudun fanfalaki.

Zamanin tsufa

Kamar yadda tatsuniyar ta ce, Phidippides - jarumi ne daga Girka - a cikin 490 BC, a ƙarshen Yaƙin Marathon, ya yi gudu ba tsayawa zuwa Athens domin ya sanar da fellowan uwansa na nasarar.

Lokacin da ya isa Atina, sai ya faɗi ya mutu, amma har yanzu ya yi ihu: "Ku yi murna, Atinawa, mun yi nasara!" Plutarch ne ya fara bayyana wannan tatsuniyar a cikin aikinsa "The Glory of Athens", fiye da rabin miladiyya bayan ainihin abubuwan da suka faru.

Dangane da wani fasalin (Herodotus ya faɗi game da ita), Phidippides manzo ne. Atine ne suka tura shi zuwa Spartans don ƙarfafawa, ya yi gudu fiye da kilomita 230 a cikin kwana biyu. Koyaya, gudun fanfalaki bai yi nasara ba ...

Yau

Michel Breal daga Faransa ne ya kirkiro da shawarar shirya gasar gudun fanfalaki. Ya yi mafarkin cewa wannan nisan za a hada shi da shirin wasannin Olympic a 1896 a Athens - na farko a wannan zamani. Tunanin Bafaranshen ya so Pierre de Coubertin, wanda shi ne wanda ya kirkiro wasannin Olympics na zamani.

A ƙarshe an gudanar da marathon na share fage na farko a Girka, tare da Harilaos Vasilakos ya zama zakara, wanda ya yi gudun nesa cikin awanni uku da minti goma sha takwas. Kuma Ba'amurke dan Spiridon Luis ya zama zakaran Olympics, bayan ya shawo kan gudun fanfalaki cikin awanni biyu da mintuna hamsin da takwas da dakika hamsin. Abin sha'awa, a hanya, ya tsaya don shan giya tare da kawunsa.

Kasancewar mata cikin gudun fanfalaki yayin wasannin Olympic ya gudana a karon farko a Wasannin a Los Angeles (Amurka) - wannan ya kasance ne a shekarar 1984.

Nisan Marathon

A wasannin farko na Olympics a 1896, gudun fanfalaki ya yi tafiyar kilomita arba'in (mil 24.85). Sannan ya canza, kuma daga 1924 ya zama kilomita 42.195 (mil mil 26.22) - an kafa wannan ne ta Amungiyar Wasannin Wasanni ta Amateur ta Duniya (IAAF ta zamani).

Horon Olimpik

Tun farkon wasannin Olimpic na zamani, gudun fanfalaki na maza ya zama shirin karshe na wasannin motsa jiki. Masu tsere na gudun fanfalaki sun kare a babban filin wasa na Olympics, ko dai 'yan sa'o'i kafin a rufe wasannin ko kuma a daidai lokacin da suke rufe.

Rikodin duniya na yanzu

A cikin maza

Dan wasan Kenya Dennis Quimetto ne ya rike tarihin duniya a gudun fanfalaki na maza.

Ya yi gudun nisan kilomita 42 da mita 195 a cikin awanni biyu, mintuna biyu da dakika hamsin. Wannan ya kasance a cikin 2014.

Daga cikin mata

Tarihin duniya a gudun fanfalakin mata na dan tseren Burtaniya ne Paul Radcliffe. A shekarar 2003, ta yi gudun fanfalaki cikin awanni biyu da mintina goma sha biyar da dakika ashirin da biyar.

A shekarar 2012, 'yar tseren Kenya Mary Keitani ta yi kokarin karya wannan tarihin, amma ba ta yi nasara ba. Ta yi gudun fanfalaki fiye da Paula Radcliffe fiye da minti uku.

Manyan 'yan tseren marathon 10 da suka fi sauri

Waɗanda aka fi so a nan galibi 'yan wasa ne daga Kenya da Habasha.

1. Mai gudu ya fita Kenya Dennis Quimetto... Ya yi gudun fanfalaki a Berlin a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014 a cikin awanni 2 da minti 2 da dakika 57.
2. Mai gudu ya fita Habasha Kenenisa Bekele. Ya gudu a Marathon na Berlin a ranar 25 ga Satumba, 2016 a cikin awanni 2 3 mintuna 3 da dakika uku.
3. Mai gudu daga Kenya Eliud Kipchoge ya yi gudun Marathon a Landan a ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 2016 cikin awanni 2 da minti 3 da dakika 5.
4. Emmanuel Mutai dan tseren kasar Kenya ya yi gudun Marathon a Berlin a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014 a cikin awanni 2 da minti 3 da dakika 13.
5. Dan tseren Kenya Wilson Kipsang ya yi tseren Marathon na Berlin a ranar 29 ga Satumba, 2013 cikin awanni 2 da minti 3 da dakika 23.
6. Patrick Macau mai tsere dan kasar Kenya ya yi tseren Marathon na Berlin a ranar 25 ga Satumba, 2011 cikin awanni 2 da minti 3 da dakika 38.
7. Dan tseren kasar Kenya Stanley Beevott ya yi tsere a Marathon na London a ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 2016 a cikin awanni 2 da minti 3 da dakika 51.
8. Wani mai tsere daga Habasha ya yi gudun Marathon a Berlin cikin awanni 2 da minti 3 da dakika 59 Satumba 28, 2008.
9. Dan tseren Kenya Eliu dKipchoge ya yi gudun famfalaki a Berlin cikin awanni 2, da minti 4 Satumba 27, 2015.
10. Ya rufe zakara goma daga Kenya Jeffrey Mutai, wanda ya ci nasara a Marathon na Berlin a ranar 30 ga Satumba, 2012 a cikin awanni 2 da minti 4 da dakika 15.

Manya mata 10 da suka fi kowa gudun fanfalaki

1. A cikin awanni 2 da mintuna 15 da dakika 25, wani dan wasa daga Burtaniya Paula Radcliffe ya gudu a 13 ga Afrilu, 2003 Marathon na London.
2. A cikin awanni 2 18 mintuna da dakika 37, mai gudu daga 'Yar Kenya Mary Keitani gudu 22 Afrilu 2012 London Marathon.
3. A cikin awanni 2 da mintuna 18 da dakika 47 dan tseren Kenya Katrin Ndereba gudu a ranar 7 ga Oktoba, 2001 Chicago Marathon.
4. Habasha a cikin awanni 2 da mintuna 18 da dakika 58 Tiki Gelana kammala Rotterdam Marathon a ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 2012.
5. A cikin awanni 2 19 da minti 12 Jafananci Mizuki Noguchi gudu a Satumba 25, 2005 Marathon na Berlin
6. A cikin awanni 2 da mintuna 19 da dakika 19, wata 'yar wasa daga Jamus Irina Mikitenko ta yi gudun Marathon a Berlin a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2008.
7. A cikin awanni 2 da mintuna 19 da dakika 25 dan Kenya Glades Cherono nasara a kan Marathon na Berlin a ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2015.
8. A cikin awanni 2 19 mintuna 31 dakika, masu gudu daga Habasha Acelefesh Mergia gudu a Dubai Marathon a kan Janairu 27, 2012.
9. Mai tsere daga Kenya cikin awanni 2 19 mintuna 34 sakan Lucy Kabuu ya wuce Dubai Marathon a ranar 27 ga Janairu, 2012.
10. Zagaye manyan mata goma masu gudun fanfalaki Dina Castor daga Amurka, wanda ya gudana a Marathon na London a 2: 19.36 a ranar 23 Afrilu 2006.

Abin sha'awa game da gudun fanfalaki na kilomita 42

• Cin nasara da nisan kilomita 42 kilomita 195 shine mataki na uku a gasar Ironman triathlon.
• Ana iya rufe nisan zangon marathon duka a cikin tsere da tsere mai son shiga.
• Don haka, a cikin 2003, Ranulf Fiennes daga Burtaniya ya gudanar da marathon bakwai don kwanaki bakwai a nahiyoyi bakwai daban-daban da sassan duniya.

• Ba'amurke dan asalin kasar Stefaan Engels ya yanke shawara a shekara ta 2010 cewa zai yi gudun fanfalaki kowace rana, amma ya ji rauni a watan Janairu, saboda haka ya sake farawa a cikin Fabrairu.
• A ranar 30 ga Maris, dan Belgium din ya doke dan Spain din nan Ricardo Abad Martinez, wanda ya yi gudun fanfalaki 150 a cikin adadin kwanakin a shekarar 2009. Sakamakon haka, zuwa watan Fabrairun 2011, Stefan Engels mai shekaru 49 ya kammala gudun fanfalaki 365. A matsakaici, ya share awanni huɗu akan marathon kuma ya nuna sakamako mafi kyau a awanni biyu da minti 56.

• Johnny Kelly ya halarci tseren Marathon na Boston fiye da sau sittin daga 1928 zuwa 1992, kuma a sakamakon haka, ya gudu zuwa gama sau 58 kuma ya zama mai nasara sau biyu (a 1935 da 1945 AD)
• A ranar 31 ga Disamba, 2010 ɗan ƙasar Kanada Martin Parnell mai shekaru 55 ya yi gudun marato 250 a cikin shekarar. A wannan lokacin, ya gaji da takalmin sneakers 25. Hakanan wani lokacin yakan yi gudu a yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa da digo talatin.
• A cewar masana kimiyya daga Spain, kashin masu tsere na gudun fanfalaki na dogon lokaci a tsufa ba ya fuskantar tsufa da hallaka, ba kamar sauran mutane ba.
• Sergei Burlakov, wani dan tseren kasar Rasha da aka yanke kafafuwa biyu da hannaye, ya halarci Marathon na New York na 2003. Ya zama dan tseren gudun fanfalaki na farko a duniya da aka yanke hannu bibbiyu.
• Oldestan tseren gudun fanfalaki na duniya shine ɗan ƙasar Indiya Fauja Singh. Ya shiga littafin Guinness Book of Records lokacin da ya yi gudun fanfalaki yana dan shekara 100 a 2011 da karfe 8:11:06. Yanzu dan wasan ya wuce shekaru dari.
• Wani manomi dan kasar Australiya Cliff Young ya lashe tseren karshe a shekarar 1961, duk da cewa ya halarci gasar a karon farko. Mai gudu ya rufe kilomita 875 a cikin kwanaki biyar, awanni goma sha biyar da minti huɗu. Ya motsa a hankali, da farko ya koma baya sosai da sauran, amma a karshen ya bar kwararrun 'yan wasa a baya. Ya yi nasara daga baya, cewa ya motsa ba tare da barci ba (wannan ya zama al'ada a gare shi, tunda a matsayinsa na manomi ya yi aiki na kwanaki da yawa a jere - tattara tumaki a wuraren kiwo).
• Dan tseren Burtaniya Steve Chock ya tara kyauta mafi girma a tarihin gudun fanfalaki fam miliyan 2. Wannan ya faru a lokacin Marathon na London a watan Afrilu 2011.
• Dan wasa mai shekaru 44 Brianen Price ya halarci wasan gudun fanfalaki kasa da shekara guda bayan an yi masa aikin dashen zuciya.
• Wani ma'aikacin rediyo daga Sweden, Andrei Kelberg, ya rufe nisan zangon gudun fanfalaki yana hawa a saman jirgin Sotello. A cikin duka, ya yi tsere sau 224 a kan jirgin, ya kwashe awanni huɗu da minti huɗu akan sa.
• 'Yar tseren Amurka Margaret Hagerty ta fara gudu tana da shekara 72. A shekara ta 81, ta riga ta halarci wasannin marato a duk nahiyoyin duniya guda bakwai.
• Dan tseren Burtaniya Lloyd Scott ya yi tseren Marathon a Landan a 202 a cikin kayan karawa mai nauyin kilogiram 55. Ya kwashe kimanin kwanaki biyar kafin ya yi hakan, ya kafa tarihin duniya a gudun mafi kankantar gudu. A shekarar 2011, ya shiga tseren fanfalaki a cikin wani suturar katantanwa, ya kwashe kwanaki 26 a tseren.
• Dan tseren kasar Habasha Abebe Bakila ne ya lashe gasar gudun famfalaki ta Rome a shekarar 1960. Abin sha'awa, ya rufe duk nisan babu takalmi.
• Yawanci, kwararren dan gudun fanfalaki yana gudanar da gudun fanfalaki a gudun 20 km / h, wanda ya ninka sauri kamar gudun hijirar dawa da saigas.

Matsayi na bit don gudun fanfalaki

Na mata

Matsayin fitarwa don gudanar da gudun fanfalaki mai nisan kilomita 42 kilomita 195 ga mata sune kamar haka:

• Babbar Jagora na Wasanni (MSMK) - 2: 35.00;
• Jagora na Wasanni (MS) - 2: 48.00;
• Dan takarar Jagoran Wasanni (CCM) - 3: 00.00;
• Kayan 1 - 3: 12.00;
• Kashi na 2 - 3: 30.00;
• Rukuni na 3 - Zak. Dist.

Na maza

Matsayin fitarwa don gudun fanfalaki mai nisan kilomita 42 kilomita 195 ga maza kamar haka:

• Babbar Jagora na Wasanni (MSMK) - 2: 13.30;
• Jagora na Wasanni (MS) - 2: 20.00;
• Dan takarar Jagoran Wasanni (CCM) - 2: 28.00;
• Kashi na 1 - 2: 37.00;
• Rukuni na 2 - 2: 48.00;
• Rukuni na 3 - Zak. Dist.

Yaya za a shirya don marathon don ku iya gudanar da shi a cikin mafi ƙarancin lokaci?

Tsarin aikin motsa jiki

Abu mafi mahimmanci shine horo na yau da kullun, wanda ya kamata a fara aƙalla watanni uku kafin gasar.

Idan burin ka shine yin gudun fanfalaki cikin awanni uku, to kana bukatar ka yi tafiyar akalla kilomita dari biyar a lokacin horo a cikin watan da ya gabata. Yana da kyau a horar da shi kamar haka: horo na kwana uku, wata rana hutawa.

Vitamin da abinci

Kamar yadda bitamin da microelements suke wajibi don amfani:

• DAGA,
• IN,
• multivitamins,
• alli,
• magnesium.

Hakanan, kafin marathon, zaku iya gwada mashahurin abincin "furotin", kuma mako guda kafin gasar, ku daina cin abincin da ke ɗauke da carbohydrates. A lokaci guda, kwana uku kafin marathon, kana buƙatar ware abinci mai ƙunshe da sunadarai kuma ku ci abincin da ke dauke da carbohydrates.

Kayan aiki

• Babban abu shine zaɓar sneakers masu sauƙi da masu sauƙi, wanda ake kira "marathon".
• Wuraren da gogayya zata iya faruwa ana iya shafawa da man ja ko mai irin na yara.
• Zai fi kyau a ba da fifiko ga tufafi masu inganci waɗanda aka yi da kayan roba.
• Idan ana yin gudun fanfalaki a rana mai haske, za a buƙaci hat, da kuma kirim mai kariya tare da matatar aƙalla 20-30.

Nasihun Gasa

• Kafa manufa - kuma a fili tafi zuwa ga shi. Misali, ƙayyade lokacin da za ka ɓoye daga nesa, da matsakaicin lokaci.
• Ba lallai ne ku fara da sauri ba - wannan ɗayan kuskuren gama gari ne wanda sababbin sababbin keyi. Zai fi kyau a rarraba rundunoninku daidai.
• Ka tuna, isa layin ƙarshe manufa ce mai kyau ga mai farawa.
• A lokacin gudun fanfalaki da kansa, lallai ya kamata ku sha - ko dai tsarkakakken ruwa ko abin sha na makamashi.
• 'Ya'yan itace daban-daban kamar su apụl, ayaba ko' ya'yan itatuwa citrus, da busassun 'ya'yan itatuwa da goro za su taimaka wajen cika muku karfi. Hakanan, sandunan makamashi suna da amfani.

Kalli bidiyon: An kama Rahma Sadau a filin jirgin sama, tana shirin tafiya Dubai (Disamba 2024).