Menene ƙwayar metabolism a cikin jiki?

Carbohydrates suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki da rarraba daidaitaccen abinci. Mutanen da ke kula da lafiyarsu sun san cewa mawuyacin carbohydrates sun fi dacewa da sauƙi. Kuma yana da kyau a ci abinci don tsawon narkewa da kuzari a rana. Amma me yasa haka? Menene banbanci tsakanin aiwatarwar assimilation na jinkirin da sauri carbohydrates? Me ya sa za ku ci zaki a rufe taga furotin, yayin da zuma ta fi kyau a ci musamman da daddare? Don amsa waɗannan tambayoyin, bari muyi la’akari dalla-dalla yadda ake cin abinci a cikin jikin mutum.

Menene carbohydrates?

Baya ga kiyaye nauyi mafi kyau, sinadarin carbohydrates a cikin jikin ɗan adam yana yin babban aiki, rashin cin nasara wanda ba ya haifar da bayyanar kiba kawai, har ma da sauran matsaloli.

Babban ayyukan carbohydrates shine su aiwatar da waɗannan ayyuka:

1. Makamashi - kusan kashi 70% na adadin kuzari na carbohydrates. Don aiwatar da aikin shaƙuwa na 1 g na carbohydrates don faruwa, jiki yana buƙatar 4.1 kcal na kuzari.
2. Gine-gine - shiga cikin aikin hada kayan sel.
3. Adana - ƙirƙirar ɗakuna a cikin tsokoki da hanta a cikin hanyar glycogen.
4. Regulatory - wasu hormones sune glycoproteins a cikin yanayi. Misali, hormones na gland din ka da kuma pituitary gland - daya bangaren tsarin wadannan abubuwa shine furotin, dayan kuma shine carbohydrate.
5. Mai karewa - heteropolysaccharides suna shiga cikin kira na gamsai, wanda ke rufe ƙwayoyin mucous na ɓangaren numfashi, gabobin narkewa, da sashin fitsari.
6. Shiga cikin tantanin tantanin halitta.
7. Suna daga cikin membranes na erythrocytes.
8. Suna ɗaya daga cikin masu kula da daskarewar jini, tunda suna ɓangare na prothrombin da fibrinogen, heparin (tushen - littafi "Kimiyyar Kimiyyar Halittu", Severin).

A gare mu, babban tushen carbohydrates sune waɗancan kwayoyin da muke samu daga abinci: sitaci, sucrose da lactose.

@ Evgeniya
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Matakan lalacewar saccharides

Kafin muyi la'akari da sifofin tasirin biochemical a jiki da kuma tasirin sinadarin carbohydrate akan wasan motsa jiki, bari muyi nazarin yadda ragowar saccharides ta kasance tare da karin canjin su zuwa cikin glycogen sosai wanda 'yan wasa ke matukar haƙawa kuma suke kashewa yayin shirye-shiryen gasa.

Mataki na 1 - pre-tsagawa tare da miyau

Ba kamar sunadarai da mai ba, carbohydrates sun fara lalacewa kusan nan da nan bayan sun shiga cikin bakin bakin. Gaskiyar ita ce yawancin kayan da ke shigowa cikin jiki suna ƙunshe da ƙwayoyin carbohydrates masu sarƙaƙƙiya, waɗanda, a ƙarƙashin tasirin yau, wato amylase enzyme wanda wani ɓangare ne na abin da ke tattare da shi, kuma maɓallin keɓaɓɓu ya rabu cikin sauƙi saccharides.

Mataki na 2 - tasirin ruwan ciki akan kara lalacewa

Wannan shine inda ruwan ciki ke shiga cikin wasa. Yana karya hadaddun saccharides wadanda yauba ya shafa. Musamman, a ƙarƙashin aikin enzymes, lactose ya karye zuwa galactose, wanda daga baya aka canza shi zuwa glucose.

Mataki na 3 - shan kwayar glucose cikin jini

A wannan matakin, kusan dukkanin glucose mai saurin narkewa yana shiga cikin jini kai tsaye, yana tsallake hanyoyin ƙanshi a cikin hanta. Matsayin kuzari ya hau sosai kuma jini ya zama mai cikakken dattako.

Mataki na 4 - satiety da amsawar insulin

Karkashin tasirin glucose, jinin yana kaura, wanda ke ba shi wahala ya iya motsawa da jigilar iskar oxygen. Glucose ya maye gurbin oxygen, wanda ke haifar da amsawar kariya - raguwar adadin carbohydrates a cikin jini.

Insulin da glucagon daga pancreas sun shiga cikin jini.

Na farko yana buɗe ƙwayoyin jigilar abubuwa don motsi na sukari a cikinsu, wanda ke dawo da daidaitattun abubuwa. Glucagon, bi da bi, yana rage haɓakar glucose daga glycogen (amfani da tushen makamashi na ciki), da insulin “ramuka” manyan ƙwayoyin jiki kuma suna sanya glucose a can a cikin hanyar glycogen ko lipids.

Mataki na 5 - metabolism na carbohydrates a cikin hanta

A kan hanya don kammala narkewa, carbohydrates suna ta karo da babban mai kare jiki - ƙwayoyin hanta. A cikin waɗannan ƙwayoyin ne carbohydrates ƙarƙashin rinjayar acid na musamman ke ɗaure cikin sarƙoƙi mafi sauƙi - glycogen.

Mataki na 6 - glycogen ko mai

Hantar hanta tana iya aiwatar da wasu adadi na monosaccharides da aka samu a cikin jini. Matakan haɓakar insulin sun sa ta yin hakan cikin ɗan lokaci. Idan hanta ba ta da lokaci don canza glucose zuwa glycogen, aikin lipid yana faruwa: duk glucose mai kyauta ana canza shi zuwa mai mai sauƙi ta hanyar ɗaure shi da acid. Jiki yana yin wannan don barin wadata, kodayake, saboda ƙimarmu na yau da kullun, yana "mantawa" don narkewa, kuma sarƙoƙin glucose, suna juya cikin kayan adipose na roba, ana ɗauke da su a ƙarƙashin fata.

Mataki na 7 - tsakiyan sakandare

Idan hanta ya jimre da nauyin sukari kuma ya sami damar canza dukkan carbohydrates zuwa glycogen, na biyun, a ƙarƙashin tasirin insulin na hormone, yana kulawa da adanawa a cikin tsokoki. Bugu da ari, a cikin yanayin rashin isashshen oxygen, ana raba shi zuwa mafi sauƙin glucose, baya dawowa zuwa ga hanyoyin jini gaba ɗaya, amma yana kasancewa cikin tsokoki. Don haka, kewaye hanta, glycogen yana samar da makamashi don takamaiman musanyar tsoka, yayin da yake kara juriya (tushe - "Wikipedia")

Ana kiran wannan tsari sau da yawa "iska ta biyu". Lokacin da ɗan wasa ke da manyan shagunan glycogen da ƙananan ƙwayoyin visceral, za a canza su zuwa makamashi mai tsabta kawai idan babu oxygen. Hakanan, giya da ke ƙunshe a cikin mai mai zai motsa ƙarin vasodilation, wanda zai haifar da sauƙin ƙwayoyin salula zuwa oxygen a cikin yanayin rashi.

Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci dalilin da yasa aka raba carbohydrates zuwa sauki da rikitarwa. Kusan komai game da tsarin glycemic dinsu ne, wanda yake kayyade saurin lalacewa. Wannan, bi da bi, yana haifar da tsari na ƙwayar metabolism. Mafi sauƙin carbohydrate, saurin da yake zuwa hanta kuma mafi kusantar za'a canza shi zuwa mai.

Matsakaicin tebur na glycemic index tare da jimlar abubuwan da ke dauke da carbohydrates a cikin samfurin:

Koyaya, hatta abinci mai yawan glycemic index ba zai iya rushe metabolism da ayyukan carbohydrates a cikin hanyar da aikin glycemic ke yi ba. Yana ƙayyade yawan nauyin hanta da glucose lokacin da wannan samfurin ya cinye. Bayan isa wani ƙofar GN (kimanin 80-100), duk adadin kuzari wanda ya wuce ka'ida za'a canza shi ta atomatik zuwa triglycerides.

Kusan tebur na nauyin glycemic tare da adadin adadin kuzari:

Insulin da amsawar glucagon

A yayin cinye duk wani abin da ke dauke da sinadarin carbohydrate, ya zama sikari ne ko kuma hadadden sitaci, jiki yana haifar da halayen biyu a lokaci guda, ƙarfinsa zai dogara ne da abubuwan da aka ɗauka a baya kuma, da farko, kan sakin insulin.

Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa koyaushe ana fitar da insulin cikin jini cikin bugun jini. Wannan yana nufin cewa kek mai zaki daya yana da haɗari ga jiki kamar guda 5 mai zaki. Insulin yana daidaita yawan jini. Wannan ya zama dole don duk kwayayen su sami isasshen kuzari ba tare da yin aiki a cikin hawan jini ko yanayin hypo ba. Amma mafi mahimmanci, saurin motsinsa, nauyin da ke kan tsokar zuciya da ikon jigilar iskar oxygen sun dogara da yawan jini.

Sakin insulin abu ne na halitta. Insulin yana yin ramuka a cikin dukkan kwayoyin jikinsu wadanda suke da karfin karbar karin makamashi, kuma suna kulle su a ciki. Idan hanta ya jimre da nauyin, ana sanya glycogen a cikin sel, idan hanta ta gaza, to asid mai kitse ya shiga cikin kwayar.

Don haka, ka'idojin metabolism na rayuwa yana faruwa ne kawai ta hanyar sakin insulin. Idan bai isa ba (ba lokaci-lokaci ba, amma sau ɗaya), mutum na iya samun raɗaɗin sukari - yanayin da jiki ke buƙatar ƙarin ruwa don ƙara ƙimar jini da narkar da shi da duk hanyoyin da ake da su.

Abu na biyu mai mahimmanci a wannan matakin na samar da abinci mai ƙwanƙwasa shine glucagon. Wannan hormone yana ƙayyade ko hanta yana buƙatar aiki daga tushe na ciki ko daga tushe na waje.

Underarƙashin tasirin glucagon, hanta yana sakin glycogen da aka shirya (ba ruɓaɓɓe), wanda aka samo shi daga ƙwayoyin ciki, kuma ya fara tattara sabon glycogen daga glucose.

Shi glycogen na ciki wanda ke rarraba insulin ta cikin ƙwayoyin farko (asalin - littafin rubutu "Sports Biochemistry", Mikhailov).

Rarraba makamashi mai zuwa

Rarraba makamashin carbohydrates mai zuwa yana faruwa ne dangane da nau'in tsarin mulki, da dacewar jiki:

1. A cikin mutumin da ba shi da horo tare da jinkirin motsa jiki. Lokacin da matakan glucagon suka ragu, kwayoyin glycogen suna komawa cikin hanta, inda ake sarrafa su zuwa cikin triglycerides.
2. Dan wasan. Kwayoyin Glycogen da ke karkashin tasirin insulin an kulle su sosai a cikin tsokoki, suna ba da kuzari don motsa jiki na gaba.
3. Ba ɗan wasa ba tare da saurin kumburi. Glycogen yana komawa cikin hanta, ana maida shi zuwa matakan glucose, bayan haka yana daidaita jini zuwa matakin iyaka. Ta wannan, yana haifar da yanayi na raguwa, tunda duk da wadataccen kayan albarkatun, ƙwayoyin ba su da isashshen oxygen.

Sakamakon

Amfani da kuzari wani tsari ne wanda carbohydrates ke ciki. Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa koda a cikin rashin sugars kai tsaye, jiki har yanzu zai rarraba nama zuwa cikin glucose mai sauƙi, wanda zai haifar da raguwar ƙwayar tsoka ko ƙashin jiki (dangane da irin halin damuwa).

Kalli bidiyon: Yadda Zaki rikirkita oga da wasanni a lokacin da kike jinin alada (Nuwamba 2024).