"Haskaka" na shirin, idan ya zo ba ga circus ba, amma ga wasannin motsa jiki, shine tseren mita 100 na maza. Jima'i na adalci, cikakken mai halarta a dukkan fannoni na motsa jiki, yana farantawa magoya baya rai da kyakkyawa, sakamako mai ban sha'awa a kwanan nan, jinsin maza zalla, amma ... baya iƙirarin cewa shine mutum mafi sauri a duniya.
Sunan Usain Bolt sananne ne, kuma Florence Griffith (mai riƙe da tarihin duniya a 100m), a taƙaice, ba shi da mashahuri sosai, kodayake nasarar da ta samu ta kai kusan shekaru 30.
Menene gudu
Kasa da 10sec. (wannan shine yadda athletesan wasa na duniya ke gudu 100m) wasan kwaikwayon ga masu sauraro da gwagwarmaya don athletesan wasan har abada. Don zama memba, ɗayan yana buƙatar siyan tikiti, yayin da wasu ke buƙatar ɗaukar shekaru masu yawa na horo mai ban tsoro.
100m tsere ne na gargajiya. Ba tare da ƙasƙantar da cancantar sauran tazarar gudu ba, waɗanda suka haɗa da 60m (kawai a lokacin hunturu), 200m, 400m, kazalika da cikas 110m, "saƙa" shine shugaban da ba a jayayya a cikin rukunin "martaba".
Gudun Gudun gudu - 4х100 da 4х400m - suna da ban sha'awa kuma koyaushe ana riƙe da motsin rai.
Matakai da fasaloli na tseren mita 100 na gudu
Aikin ɗan gajeren lokaci a cikin tsere yana ƙayyade abubuwan da ke cikin ƙwarewar fasaha da dabarun horar da 'yan wasa. Hanyoyi da zabin atisaye a matakai daban-daban na tsarin horaswa sun sha bamban da horo na masu tsayawa.
Gudun 100m an rarraba shi zuwa ga al'ada - farawa, farawa cikin hanzari, yin nisa, kammala saurin.
Kowane ɗayan waɗannan matakan yana buƙatar keɓaɓɓen horo na musamman.
Ana kirkirar hoto cikakke ne kawai bayan sarrafa dukkan abubuwan da ke cikin hadadden.
Yana da mahimmanci a kafa tushen madaidaiciyar dabara ga matashi dan wasa, kuma magidanta, har ma da manyan ƙwarewa, suna buƙatar mai da hankali kan ci gabanta koyaushe.
Fara
A cikin horo na tsere, mahalarta suna farawa daga matsayin "ƙananan farawa" ta amfani da tubalan farawa na musamman. Dan wasan ya zabi nesa daga layin farawa da tsakanin bulo. Gafa mai tsalle yana gaba. Sauran kafa ta tsaya akan gwiwa.
An sanya hannayen da ke madaidaiciya a gaban layin farawa, sun fi faɗaɗa kafaɗu kaɗan, an kai duban mita gaba. Alƙali mai farawa yana ba da umarni biyu: 1. "farawa", bayan haka ya zama dole a ɗauki matsayi a cikin tubalan kuma a dogara ga hannayenku. 2. "hankali" - an kawo ƙashin ƙugu, jiki yana ci gaba, yana jiran "harbi". Wajibi ne don amsawa ga harbin da sauri-sauri kuma tura shi daga cikin gammayen.
A cikin wannan matakin na shirye-shiryen, tsoffin ƙananan raƙuman ƙafa ba za su shiga tarko ba, wanda zai ba su damar yin kwangila a lokacin da ya dace kuma su sami tasirin "catapult". Kusoshin zamani suna sanye da matattarar lantarki kuma suna ba ku damar ƙayyade farkon ƙaryar da ta fi ƙarfin ikon ɗan adam. Startsaramar farawa a tsere abu ne na yau da kullun (ƙananan ɓangarori na da tsada sosai) kuma sun haifar da jayayya da kira a baya. tabbatar da daidaito ya dogara ne da ra'ayin mai hukunci a farkon.
Lokacin da yanke shawara ya shiga cikin ƙwarewar lantarki, an cire batun daga batun. A cikin 2011, a tseren karshe na Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya, W. Bolt bai cancanta ba saboda farawa ta karya - aikin injiniya bai burge girmansa ba. Babban alama na "saurin saurin amsawa" (a wannan yanayin, zuwa siginar sauti) yana ba da fa'ida ta zahiri a farkon.
Ofayan motsa jiki mafi taimako don aiwatar da farawa da ɗaukar gudu shine jigilar jigila, tare da bambancin tsayi da yawan juyawa. Aikin tsalle (daga wuri zuwa tsayi da tsayi, tare da nauyi da juriya), tsere kan matakala, hawa sama da sauran mutane da yawa, da nufin haɓaka halayen ƙarfi-ƙarfi (ƙarfin "fashewar").
Fara gudu
A wannan lokacin na gudu, dan wasan yana buƙatar saurin kai tsaye kusa da iyakar.
Yana da mahimmanci a kula da madaidaiciyar karkatar da jiki, saboda extensionarin mafi kyau na ƙugu a cikin matakan farko ya kamata ya ƙirƙiri vearfin ƙarfi wanda aka tsara shi kai tsaye a kwance fiye da sama. A hankali jiki yana “tashi” kuma dabarar gudu tana kama da "nesa". Babu iyakoki mara iyaka.
Masana sunyi imanin cewa bayan sun shawo kan 30-40m, mai gudu yakamata ya sami iyakar saurin farawa. Canza saurin tafiya da takawa, sannu a hankali kara saurin gudu, yawan kewayowar hanun hannu siffofin halayyar tashi ne. Babban nauyin yana ɗauke da tsoffin tsoffin cinya da ƙafafun kafa.
Nisa yana gudana
Bincike ya nuna cewa ba tare da la'akari da matakin gwaninta na mai tsere ba, ana kaiwa iyakar gudu a cikin dakika na 6, kuma bayan na 8 ya sauka.
An sanya ƙafa a kan waƙar daga yatsan zuwa yatsan; raguwa ba ya faruwa ga dukkan ɓangaren tsire-tsiren kafa. Don cimma daidaituwa da daidaituwa cikin hanzari, yana da kyawawa cewa matakai daga ƙafafu daban-daban iri ɗaya ne. Hannun sun tanƙwara a gwiwar hannu a kusurwar dama, suna aiki da yardar kaina, cikin sauri da aiki tare da ƙafafu. Tsokoki suna aiki a cikin yanayi na motsawa (ƙanƙancewa-shakatawa) don cimma matsakaiciyar jujjuyawar kyauta cikin takaici.
Jiki ya miƙe, jiki ya ɗan karkata, juyawar ɗamara ta kafaɗa kaɗan ce. Yana da mahimmanci don sarrafa ajiyar tsakanin kusurwa da ƙafa na ƙafafun turawa a cikin maɓallin pivot - kusurwar tana kusa da digiri 90 don masu saurin gudu
Yayin tafiyar jirgi, rage hip yana taka rawa ta musamman. Nazarin motsin hip, ƙananan kafa da ƙafa dangane da ƙugu, gwiwa da haɗin gwiwa da kuma wurin da suke zuwa tallafi da akwati, yana ba da damar kimanta ilimin kimiyyar halittu na aikin gudu da inganta ƙwarewar. Ana amfani da hoton hoto da bidiyo don cikakken nazarin tsarin abubuwan mutum.
Gama
Kambi na matakan da suka gabata. Abin kunya ne a rasa tsere yayin da layin gamawa ya yi 'yan mituna kaɗan kuma duk abokan hamayya suna baya. Arshen ƙarshen da kuma hanyar tsallaka layin ƙarshe - waɗannan ƙwarewar suma ya kamata su kasance a cikin kayan aikin fasaha.
Wajibi ne a ci gaba da samun ƙarfi don yin ƙarshen - saurin gajiya yana haifar da ƙarin matsaloli kuma ya “fasa” dabarar.
Ana ba da shawarar yin sau da yawa sau da yawa saboda ƙarin ƙarfin hannu. Fasahar zamani tana ba da babbar raguwa a kusurwar ɗagawa daga tallafi kuma a lokaci guda ƙaruwa a cikin karkatarwar jiki a cikin mataki na ƙarshe. Arshe tare da "tsalle" ko hanyar wucewar "kejin", ba tare da canza tushen abubuwan motsi ba, ba su wuce gwajin lokaci ba.
Abubuwan amfani suna amfani da abubuwan ƙarewa kamar tura kafada ko kirji gaba tare da makamai baya.
Sau da yawa kwamitin alkalai na amfani da hoton hoto don tantance wanda ya yi nasarar gasar.
Nasihun Aiki don Gudun 100m
Motsa jiki
Ingwarewar dabarun tsere, kamar yadda yake a kowane wasa, ba shi yiwuwa ba tare da cikakken horo na musamman da na musamman ba.
Babban horo na jiki ya kafa tushe ga aikin jiki a cikin matsanancin damuwa (tseren gudu na 100m kawai irin wannan ne), kuma na musamman ana nufin ci gaba da takamaiman ƙungiyoyin tsoka da irin halaye na mai tsere kamar ƙarfi, daidaitawa, gudu, saurin juriya, ikon tsalle. Tare da su, shiri na dabara da na tunani suna tare da dan wasan a duk tsawon aikinsa.
Hanyar horarwar tazara tana da sakamako mafi girma, lokacin da aka maye gurbin lokaci na ɗumbin lodi da lokacin murmurewa.
Saukin gani a bayyane na gudu na kwararren dan wasa wanda ya doke abokan hamayyarsa ya nuna wata babbar dabara da ke boye nauyin titanic na gaske - bugun zuciya zai iya wuce 200 BPM, hawan jini ya hau sosai.
Dumama
Abubuwan ɗumi-dumu-dumu na farkon-gogewa da ƙwarewa sun banbanta sosai. Idan don na farko, dumi-dumin 'yan wasa ya isa, to maigidan ya hada da wani saiti a tsarin atisayen.
A matsayinka na ƙa'ida, dumi-dumi yakan fara ne tare da motsa jiki daban-daban waɗanda ke ware dogon gudu (gajeren gajeren haske na 40-50 m, yana gudana tare da ɗaga ƙugu sama, share ƙafafun ƙafafun baya, yin motsa jiki tare da miƙa mulki zuwa hanzari, da sauransu), motsa jiki na motsa jiki don ƙungiyoyin tsoka daban-daban , lilo, juyawa motsi, son zuciya.
Bugu da ari, miƙa mulki zuwa ɓangaren tsalle (daga wuri, sau uku, tsalle a ƙafa ɗaya) kuma sake komawa zuwa gudu (canza ayyukan ɓangaren farko na ayyukan gudana). Theangaren motsa jiki na motsa jiki ya ƙare tare da gajeren gudu tare da hanzari mai sauƙi, amma ba cikakke ƙarfi ba.
Kayan aiki
Duk abin bayyane anan - kuna buƙatar zaɓar takalmin dacewa.
"Studs" don tsere ana sanya su ne la'akari da dabaru da kuma keɓaɓɓiyar fasahar wannan nau'in wasan tsere.
Nauyi mara nauyi, tafin kansa siriri ne, mai sassauƙa, tare da kyawawan kaddarorin shaye shaye. Ikafafun kafa suna haɗe da hanci, kusan a ƙarƙashin yatsun kafa, don inganta tasirin ƙyama.
Lokacin gwada takalma, kuna buƙatar kula da tsayayyen ƙafa.
Ana zaɓar ɗakunan ajiya dangane da saman da zaku horar ko shiga cikin gasa.
Sakamako a cikin gudun 100m ana auna shi cikin goma da ɗari na dakika. Abubuwan da ake buƙata don ci gaba suna mai da hankali ga iyaka a nan, don haka har ƙananan ƙananan kurakurai a cikin dabarun gudana za su zama kayan alatu da ba za a iya biya ba.
